A nurse is providing education to a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who is experiencing wasting syndrome. Which of these suggestions is most appropriate?
Eat legumes instead of red meat
Consume high-calorie snacks between meals
Use canola oil instead of butter while cooking
Add celery to cooked soups or salads
The Correct Answer is B
A. While legumes are a good source of protein, they do not provide the high-calorie density needed for someone experiencing wasting syndrome.
B. Consuming high-calorie snacks between meals is the most appropriate suggestion as it helps increase overall caloric intake, which is essential for clients with wasting syndrome to help maintain weight and improve nutritional status.
C. Using canola oil instead of butter may not significantly impact caloric intake, and clients with wasting syndrome may need higher-calorie options.
D. Adding celery to soups or salads adds volume but is low in calories and may not contribute significantly to the dietary needs of someone experiencing wasting syndrome.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Fungal and bacterial infections can occur later as the immune system becomes compromised, but they are not initial symptoms of HIV infection.
B. Flu-like symptoms and night sweats are common initial manifestations of acute HIV infection, often occurring within 2-4 weeks after exposure.
C. Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer associated with advanced HIV/AIDS and not an initial symptom of infection.
D. Pneumocystis lung infection typically occurs later in the course of HIV disease when the immune system is severely weakened, not during the initial infection stage.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Diarrhea is not a typical finding associated with anemia from blood loss; it may occur for other reasons but is not directly related to low hemoglobin levels.
B. Fatigue is a common symptom in clients with anemia, particularly when hemoglobin levels are low, as there is reduced oxygen delivery to tissues, leading to feelings of weakness and tiredness.
C. Hypertension is unlikely to be present in a client with significant blood loss; instead, hypotension may be more expected due to reduced blood volume.
D. Bradycardia is not typically associated with anemia; in fact, tachycardia (increased heart rate) is more common as the body tries to compensate for reduced oxygen-carrying capacity.