A nurse is providing education regarding the adrenal cortex production of mineralocorticoids. The nurse should include that mineralocorticoids influence which of the following?
Major effects on the metabolism of almost all organs of the body
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Regulate carbohydrate and protein metabolism
The release of the ACTH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
The Correct Answer is B
A. While hormones from the adrenal cortex do influence various metabolic processes, mineralocorticoids primarily focus on fluid and electrolyte balance rather than having major effects on all organs' metabolism.
B. Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, play a crucial role in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys.
C. Regulation of carbohydrate and protein metabolism is mainly the function of glucocorticoids, not mineralocorticoids.
D. The release of ACTH is regulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus, not directly influenced by mineralocorticoids.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Chvostek's sign, a facial muscle spasm upon tapping, is a clinical indicator of hypocalcemia, often caused by accidental removal or damage to the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery.
B. Hypercalcemia does not typically cause a positive Chvostek’s sign.
C. Hypokalemia affects muscle and cardiac function but does not result in a positive Chvostek’s sign.
D. Hyponatremia does not produce Chvostek's sign, which is specific to hypocalcemia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hypertension with bradycardia is characteristic of autonomic dysreflexia due to the exaggerated sympathetic response causing increased blood pressure while the body compensates with bradycardia.
B. Hypotension with tachycardia is not indicative of autonomic dysreflexia; instead, it suggests different underlying issues.
C. While hypertension can occur in autonomic dysreflexia, it is typically accompanied by bradycardia, not tachycardia.
D. Hypotension with bradycardia does not correlate with autonomic dysreflexia and suggests other health complications.