A nurse is providing education regarding the adrenal cortex production of mineralocorticoids. The nurse should include that mineralocorticoids influence which of the following?
Major effects on the metabolism of almost all organs of the body
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Regulate carbohydrate and protein metabolism
The release of the ACTH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
The Correct Answer is B
A. While hormones from the adrenal cortex do influence various metabolic processes, mineralocorticoids primarily focus on fluid and electrolyte balance rather than having major effects on all organs' metabolism.
B. Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, play a crucial role in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys.
C. Regulation of carbohydrate and protein metabolism is mainly the function of glucocorticoids, not mineralocorticoids.
D. The release of ACTH is regulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus, not directly influenced by mineralocorticoids.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While chlorine can kill some bacteria, it does not prevent all microbial growth and does not directly explain ear infections.
B. Pool water entering the Eustachian tubes is unlikely; infections are more commonly related to pathogens in the water.
C. The best response addresses the presence of microorganisms in pool water that can enter the ear and potentially lead to infections, such as swimmer's ear (otitis externa).
D. Pool water is not typically associated with drying out the ears; rather, it can lead to excess moisture, which can promote bacterial growth.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
A. Elevating the head of the bed to 30-45 degrees helps facilitate venous drainage from the brain, thereby reducing ICP.
B. Administering intravenous fluids rapidly is not appropriate, as it can lead to fluid overload and increase ICP.
C. Keeping the client in a calm and quiet environment minimizes stimulation, which can contribute to increased ICP.
D. Administering morphine sulfate as prescribed can provide pain relief, which may help decrease ICP since pain can contribute to increased intracranial pressure.
E. The Valsalva maneuver increases intrathoracic pressure and can lead to increased ICP, making it contraindicated in this scenario.