A nurse is providing education regarding the adrenal cortex production of mineralocorticoids. The nurse should include that mineralocorticoids influence which of the following?
Major effects on the metabolism of almost all organs of the body
Fluid and electrolyte balance
Regulate carbohydrate and protein metabolism
The release of the ACTH from the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
The Correct Answer is B
A. While hormones from the adrenal cortex do influence various metabolic processes, mineralocorticoids primarily focus on fluid and electrolyte balance rather than having major effects on all organs' metabolism.
B. Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, play a crucial role in regulating fluid and electrolyte balance by promoting sodium retention and potassium excretion in the kidneys.
C. Regulation of carbohydrate and protein metabolism is mainly the function of glucocorticoids, not mineralocorticoids.
D. The release of ACTH is regulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus, not directly influenced by mineralocorticoids.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hormone replacement is generally used to supplement deficiencies rather than inhibit excess hormone release.
B. Dopamine agonists, such as bromocriptine, are used to inhibit the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary, which is beneficial in treating acromegaly, a condition caused by excess growth hormone.
C. Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement and is not effective in controlling pituitary hormone release.
D. Corticosteroids do not inhibit growth hormone release and are typically used to manage inflammation rather than for pituitary hormone control.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. While noting the time of day is important for documentation, it does not address the immediate concern of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).
B. Applying normal saline drops is not indicated in the immediate management of elevated IOP in glaucoma; it does not directly affect IOP levels.
C. Instructing the client to sleep with the head of the bed flat is not advisable, as elevated head positions may help decrease IOP.
D. An IOP of 23 mm Hg is above the normal range (10-21 mm Hg) and indicates potential glaucoma. Therefore, contacting the primary health care provider for further evaluation and treatment is the most appropriate initial action.