A nurse is providing education regarding biologic threats. When discussing anthrax, which of the following should be included as potential portals of entry? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY
Central nervous system
Integumentary system
Respiratory system
Renal system
Gastrointestinal system
Correct Answer : B,C,E
Choice A reason:
The central nervous system is not a common portal of entry for anthrax. Anthrax primarily enters the body through the skin, respiratory tract, or gastrointestinal tract. While it can affect the central nervous system if it spreads, it is not a primary entry point.
Choice B reason:
The integumentary system, or skin, is a common portal of entry for anthrax. Cutaneous anthrax occurs when Bacillus anthracis spores enter the body through a cut or abrasion on the skin. This form of anthrax is characterized by a localized infection that can develop into a painless ulcer with a black center.
Choice C reason:
The respiratory system is another primary portal of entry for anthrax. Inhalation anthrax occurs when spores are inhaled into the lungs. This form of anthrax is particularly dangerous and can lead to severe respiratory distress and systemic infection if not treated promptly.
Choice D reason:
The renal system is not a typical portal of entry for anthrax. While anthrax can affect multiple organ systems if it becomes systemic, it does not enter the body through the kidneys or urinary tract.
Choice E reason:
The gastrointestinal system is a potential portal of entry for anthrax. Gastrointestinal anthrax occurs when spores are ingested, typically through contaminated food or water. This form of anthrax can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic infection.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Chewing the tablet before swallowing is not the correct method of administration for Sumatriptan (Imitrex) tablets. These tablets are designed to be swallowed whole. Chewing them could affect the medication’s efficacy and absorption.
Choice B reason:
“If you experience chest pain, call your physician immediately.” This instruction is crucial because Sumatriptan can cause serious cardiovascular side effects, including chest pain, which may indicate a heart attack or other serious condition. Clients need to be aware of this potential side effect and seek immediate medical attention if it occurs.
Choice C reason:
Taking Sumatriptan daily to prevent headaches is incorrect. Sumatriptan is used to treat acute migraine attacks and is not intended for daily use as a preventive medication. Using it daily could lead to medication overuse headaches and other adverse effects.
Choice D reason:
“Repeat dose in 1 hour for unrelieved headache” is partially correct but incomplete. The correct instruction is to repeat the dose after 2 hours if the headache is not relieved, up to a maximum of two doses in 24 hours. Clients should follow the specific dosing instructions provided by their healthcare provider.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
“It is a test that determines which activities you feel most comfortable performing” is not entirely accurate. While comfort with activities may be assessed, the primary goal of a functional assessment is to evaluate the client’s ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs).
Choice B reason:
“It is a tool that is used to determine your maximum level of self-sufficiency.” This response accurately reflects the purpose of a functional assessment. The assessment evaluates the client’s ability to perform ADLs and IADLs independently, which helps determine the level of assistance they may need.
Choice C reason:
“It is a tool that is used to assess what services you will need a home health aide to perform for you” is partially correct but not comprehensive. While the assessment can help identify the need for home health aide services, its primary purpose is to evaluate overall self-sufficiency and functional status.
Choice D reason:
“It is a tool used by insurance companies to determine qualifications for medical reimbursement” is not the primary purpose of a functional assessment. Although the results may be used for insurance purposes, the main goal is to assess the client’s functional abilities and needs.