A nurse is providing discharge teaching for parents of a child who has congestive heart failure and is about to start taking furosemide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Eat foods that contain plenty of potassium.
Take the medication at bedtime.
Take aspirin if headaches develop.
Expect some swelling in the hands and feet.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss; therefore, it is essential for the child to eat potassium-rich foods to prevent hypokalemia.
B. Taking furosemide at bedtime is not advisable due to the increased risk of nocturia and sleep disturbances from frequent urination.
C. Aspirin is not recommended without medical guidance, especially for children, as it can increase the risk of Reye's syndrome.
D. Expecting swelling in the hands and feet contradicts the purpose of furosemide, which is to reduce fluid overload; parents should report any unexpected swelling to the healthcare provider.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Egocentric thinking is characteristic of younger children in the preoperational stage, not adolescents.
B. Preoperational thinking applies to preschool-aged children and involves intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
C. Concrete thinking is typical of school-aged children in the concrete operational stage, where they think logically about concrete objects but may struggle with abstract concepts.
D. Abstract thinking develops during adolescence, allowing individuals to think logically about hypothetical situations, reason about moral issues, and engage in critical thinking.
Correct Answer is ["A","E","F"]
Explanation
A. Providing privacy during personal care and procedures is essential for adolescents, as it helps them feel more secure and respected during a vulnerable time.
B. This option is incorrect; discussing changes related to puberty can help the adolescent understand their body and promote healthy coping mechanisms.
C. Treating the adolescent as if they are not competent undermines their autonomy and can negatively impact their self-esteem; adolescents should be involved in their care and decision-making when appropriate.
D. Disregarding confidentiality can lead to a breakdown of trust; it is important to respect the adolescent's privacy while also keeping parents informed within appropriate limits.
E. Showing respect for the client's feelings and concerns helps validate their experiences and fosters a supportive environment during a challenging time.
F. Listening carefully to the client’s thoughts and concerns encourages open communication, allowing the nurse to address any worries and support the adolescent’s emotional needs.