A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a patient with ulcerative colitis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Include high-fat foods to maintain weight
Eat three large meals a day to ensure adequate nutrition
Increase intake of dairy products to boost calcium levels.
Consume a low-fiber diet to minimize bowel irritation
The Correct Answer is D
A. Include high-fat foods to maintain weight. High-fat foods can worsen symptoms in ulcerative colitis by increasing bowel irritation and causing malabsorption. A balanced diet that is low in fat is usually recommended.
B. Eat three large meals a day to ensure adequate nutrition. Large meals can increase digestive workload and exacerbate symptoms. Smaller, more frequent meals are generally better tolerated.
C. Increase intake of dairy products to boost calcium levels. Many patients with ulcerative colitis are lactose intolerant or sensitive to dairy, which can worsen symptoms. Calcium can be obtained from other sources if needed.
D. Consume a low-fiber diet to minimize bowel irritation. A low-fiber diet can reduce mechanical irritation in the bowel, which is beneficial during flare-ups of ulcerative colitis.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Keep the patient NPO (nothing by mouth) until the T-tube is removed. Patients are generally kept NPO initially but may resume clear liquids and progress to a regular diet based on tolerance; NPO status is not required until the T-tube is removed.
B. Monitor the tube drainage and document the amount and color. Monitoring and documenting drainage from the T-tube is crucial to assess biliary function and ensure that the bile is draining properly, indicating no obstruction.
C. Ensure the tube is clamped for 8 hours each day. Clamping may be done before tube removal to test the body’s tolerance to bile drainage, but it should be done only as per physician orders, not routinely for 8 hours each day.
D. Flush the T-tube with normal saline every 4 hours. Flushing a T-tube is generally not done routinely as it could disrupt the flow of bile and cause complications.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. High fluid intake: High fluid intake can help maintain blood flow and reduce the risk of venous stasis.
B. Immobility during and after surgery: Immobility contributes to venous stasis and is a primary risk factor for DVT, especially after prolonged surgery.
C. Low body temperature: Low body temperature does not directly cause venous stasis or increase the risk of DVT.
D. Increased physical activity: Increased physical activity promotes circulation and reduces the risk of DVT by preventing blood from pooling in the veins.