A nurse is providing care to an adolescent client who is hospitalized in an adult setting. Which of the following interventions by the nurse supports a client experiencing emotional and physical changes of puberty? (Select all that apply.)
Provide privacy during personal care and procedures.
Avoid discussing the changes related to puberty.
Treat the adolescent as if they are not competent to make decisions.
Disregard confidentiality to keep the parents informed of all aspects of care.
Show respect for the client's feelings and concerns.
Listen carefully to the client's thoughts and concerns regarding their hospitalization.
Correct Answer : A,E,F
A. Providing privacy during personal care and procedures is essential for adolescents, as it helps them feel more secure and respected during a vulnerable time.
B. This option is incorrect; discussing changes related to puberty can help the adolescent understand their body and promote healthy coping mechanisms.
C. Treating the adolescent as if they are not competent undermines their autonomy and can negatively impact their self-esteem; adolescents should be involved in their care and decision-making when appropriate.
D. Disregarding confidentiality can lead to a breakdown of trust; it is important to respect the adolescent's privacy while also keeping parents informed within appropriate limits.
E. Showing respect for the client's feelings and concerns helps validate their experiences and fosters a supportive environment during a challenging time.
F. Listening carefully to the client’s thoughts and concerns encourages open communication, allowing the nurse to address any worries and support the adolescent’s emotional needs.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Egocentric thinking is characteristic of younger children in the preoperational stage, not adolescents.
B. Preoperational thinking applies to preschool-aged children and involves intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
C. Concrete thinking is typical of school-aged children in the concrete operational stage, where they think logically about concrete objects but may struggle with abstract concepts.
D. Abstract thinking develops during adolescence, allowing individuals to think logically about hypothetical situations, reason about moral issues, and engage in critical thinking.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Tricuspid atresia typically leads to decreased pulmonary blood flow due to the absence of normal blood flow to the lungs.
B. Patent ductus arteriosus results in increased pulmonary blood flow because it allows blood to flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, increasing the volume of blood going to the lungs.
C. Coarctation of the aorta can cause decreased blood flow to the lower body, which may not directly relate to increased pulmonary blood flow.
D. Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by decreased pulmonary blood flow due to right ventricular outflow obstruction, making it not associated with increased pulmonary blood flow.