A nurse is providing care for a client experiencing obstructive shock. Which of the following diagnoses should the nurse expect?
Cardiac tamponade
Third spacing
Ruptured aneurysm
Cardiomyopathy
The Correct Answer is A
A. Cardiac tamponade is a condition where fluid accumulates in the pericardial space, exerting pressure on the heart and impeding its ability to pump effectively, leading to obstructive shock.
B. Third spacing refers to fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces but is not a specific diagnosis of obstructive shock.
C. A ruptured aneurysm may lead to hypovolemic shock due to blood loss rather than obstructive shock, which is characterized by physical obstruction to blood flow.
D. Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that affects its ability to pump blood, leading to cardiogenic shock, not obstructive shock.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Administering hypertonic saline (3% NaCl) is appropriate for treating severe hyponatremia, as it helps to raise sodium levels safely. Restricting water intake is also necessary to prevent further dilution of sodium.
B. Fluid restriction with a loop diuretic may not be effective in this scenario and can worsen the hyponatremia by causing further fluid loss without addressing the sodium levels.
C. Isotonic saline is not indicated for correcting severe hyponatremia, and encouraging oral fluid intake could exacerbate the condition.
D. Increasing oral sodium intake is not sufficient for immediate correction of severe hyponatremia and does not address the acute nature of the client’s symptoms.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Fusion Inhibitors work by preventing the virus from entering the host's cells but do not inhibit RNA from forming DNA.
B. Integrase Inhibitors block the integration of viral DNA into the host's DNA but do not directly inhibit the reverse transcription process.
C. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs) inhibit reverse transcriptase, the enzyme responsible for converting viral RNA into DNA, thus directly targeting this crucial stage of the HIV lifecycle.
D. Protease Inhibitors inhibit the protease enzyme involved in the maturation of the virus but do not affect the reverse transcription process.