A nurse is providing care for a client experiencing obstructive shock. Which of the following diagnoses should the nurse expect?
Cardiac tamponade
Third spacing
Ruptured aneurysm
Cardiomyopathy
The Correct Answer is A
A. Cardiac tamponade is a condition where fluid accumulates in the pericardial space, exerting pressure on the heart and impeding its ability to pump effectively, leading to obstructive shock.
B. Third spacing refers to fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces but is not a specific diagnosis of obstructive shock.
C. A ruptured aneurysm may lead to hypovolemic shock due to blood loss rather than obstructive shock, which is characterized by physical obstruction to blood flow.
D. Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that affects its ability to pump blood, leading to cardiogenic shock, not obstructive shock.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Fluid overload is not an allergic reaction but rather a complication of transfusion related to the volume of fluid administered, thus diphenhydramine would not be appropriate.
B. Urticaria, or hives, is a common mild allergic reaction that can occur during blood transfusions. Administering diphenhydramine can help prevent or treat this response.
C. Hemolysis is a serious reaction involving the destruction of red blood cells, often due to blood type incompatibility; it is not alleviated by antihistamines.
D. Fever can occur during transfusions but is typically due to non-specific immune reactions and does not respond to diphenhydramine.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Pneumocystis lung infection is an opportunistic infection that typically occurs in later stages of HIV/AIDS when the immune system is significantly weakened, not during the initial phase of infection.
B. Fungal and bacterial infections are also associated with advanced HIV/AIDS due to immunosuppression and not seen in the initial phase of infection.
C. Flu-like symptoms and night sweats are common initial symptoms of HIV infection, often occurring 2-4 weeks after exposure during the acute retroviral syndrome phase.
D. Kaposi's sarcoma is a cancer associated with advanced HIV/AIDS and does not manifest during the initial symptoms of infection.