A nurse is providing care for a client experiencing obstructive shock. Which of the following diagnoses should the nurse expect?
Cardiac tamponade
Third spacing
Ruptured aneurysm
Cardiomyopathy
The Correct Answer is A
A. Cardiac tamponade is a condition where fluid accumulates in the pericardial space, exerting pressure on the heart and impeding its ability to pump effectively, leading to obstructive shock.
B. Third spacing refers to fluid accumulation in the interstitial spaces but is not a specific diagnosis of obstructive shock.
C. A ruptured aneurysm may lead to hypovolemic shock due to blood loss rather than obstructive shock, which is characterized by physical obstruction to blood flow.
D. Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle that affects its ability to pump blood, leading to cardiogenic shock, not obstructive shock.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. In the assembly stage, other proteins and enzymes are involved in the packaging of viral components into new virions, not integrase.
B. During the integration stage, integrase is essential as it inserts the newly formed viral DNA into the host's genome, enabling the virus to utilize the host's cellular machinery for replication.
C. Integrase does not participate in the entry stage; this stage is facilitated by other proteins that aid in the fusion of the virus with the host cell membrane.
D. Integrase is not involved in reverse transcription; that process is facilitated by the enzyme reverse transcriptase, which converts viral RNA into DNA.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH (7.32) and an elevated PaCO2 (48 mm Hg), indicating that the body is unable to eliminate CO2 effectively, leading to acid retention. The HCO3 level is within normal limits, suggesting that there is not a metabolic compensation occurring yet.
B. Metabolic alkalosis would present with a high pH and elevated bicarbonate levels, which is not the case here.
C. Respiratory alkalosis typically shows a high pH and low PaCO2, indicating hyperventilation, which does not align with the current findings.
D. Metabolic acidosis would show a low pH with a low HCO3, which is not supported by the HCO3 level of 23 mEq/L in this case.