A nurse is presenting an in-service about the use of postural drainage for infants who have cystic fibrosis. Which of the following positions should the nurse identify as being contraindicated for the infant?
Sitting on a nurse’s lap leaning forward.
Supine.
Sitting on a nurse’s lap leaning backward.
Trendelenburg.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Sitting on a nurse’s lap leaning forward is a position that can be used for postural drainage in infants with cystic fibrosis. This position helps drain secretions from the upper lobes of the lungs.
Choice B rationale
The supine position (lying on the back) is also used for postural drainage to target different areas of the lungs. It is not contraindicated for infants with cystic fibrosis.
Choice C rationale
Sitting on a nurse’s lap leaning backward is another position that can be used for postural drainage. This position helps drain secretions from the lower lobes of the lungs.
Choice D rationale
The Trendelenburg position (lying flat on the back with the feet elevated higher than the head) is contraindicated for infants with cystic fibrosis. This position can increase the risk of gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration, which can worsen respiratory symptoms.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Obtaining an influenza vaccine annually is crucial for individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus. People with diabetes are at a higher risk of complications from infections, including influenza. The flu can lead to elevated blood sugar levels and potentially worsen diabetes control.
Therefore, getting the flu vaccine can help prevent or reduce the severity of the flu and its complications.
Choice B rationale
Administering glucagon is used for severe hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia. Glucagon is a hormone that raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release stored glucose. It is typically used in emergency situations when a person with diabetes has very low blood sugar and is unable to consume sugar orally.
Choice C rationale
Insulin should be injected into subcutaneous tissue, not the deltoid muscle. The preferred injection sites for insulin are areas with more subcutaneous fat, such as the abdomen, thighs, buttocks, and upper arms. Injecting insulin into muscle tissue can lead to faster absorption and unpredictable blood glucose levels.
Choice D rationale
Glyburide is an oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes, not type 1 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes requires insulin therapy because the body does not produce insulin. Glyburide works by stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin, which is not effective for individuals with type 1 diabetes who have little to no insulin production.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Environment plays a significant role in a child’s growth and development, including factors like socioeconomic status, access to education, and living conditions. However, it can be altered to some extent.
Choice B rationale
Genetics is the largest factor impacting growth and development that cannot be altered. Genetic factors determine physical characteristics, susceptibility to certain diseases, and overall growth patterns.
Choice C rationale
Socialization influences a child’s development, including social skills and behavior. While important, it can be influenced and altered through various interventions.
Choice D rationale
Nutrition is crucial for growth and development, affecting physical and cognitive development. However, it can be modified through dietary changes and interventions.