A nurse is preparing to perform an abdominal assessment on a child. Identify the sequence the nurse should follow. Move the steps into the box in order of performance:
Inspection
Auscultation
Superficial palpation
Deep palpation
Correct Answer : A,B,C,D
The correct answer is a) Inspection, b) Auscultation, c) Superficial palpation, d) Deep palpation.
Choice A reason:
Inspection is the first step in an abdominal assessment. This involves visually examining the abdomen for any abnormalities such as distension, scars, lesions, or asymmetry. The nurse should note the shape, contour, and any visible movements or pulsations. This step is crucial as it provides the initial information about the patient’s condition and helps guide the subsequent steps of the assessment.
Choice B reason:
Auscultation follows inspection in the sequence of an abdominal assessment. The nurse uses a stethoscope to listen for bowel sounds in all four quadrants of the abdomen. This step is performed before palpation to avoid altering the natural bowel sounds. The presence, frequency, and character of bowel sounds can provide valuable information about the gastrointestinal function and help identify any abnormalities such as bowel obstruction or ileus.
Choice C reason:
Superficial palpation is the third step in the abdominal assessment sequence. The nurse gently palpates the abdomen to assess for tenderness, muscle tone, and any superficial masses. This step helps identify areas of discomfort or pain and provides information about the condition of the abdominal wall and underlying structures. It is important to perform this step gently to avoid causing discomfort or pain to the patient.
Choice D reason:
Deep palpation is the final step in the abdominal assessment sequence. The nurse applies more pressure to palpate deeper structures within the abdomen. This step helps assess for any deep-seated masses, organ enlargement, or areas of tenderness that were not detected during superficial palpation. Deep palpation should be performed carefully to avoid causing pain or discomfort to the patient.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Bilious vomiting and constipation are not typical manifestations of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Bilious vomiting, which is green or yellow, indicates that the vomit contains bile and is usually associated with intestinal obstruction beyond the stomach. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis typically causes non-bilious, projectile vomiting because the obstruction is at the pylorus, before the bile duct.
Choice B reason:
Abdominal distention and currant jelly-like stools are not indicative of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Currant jelly-like stools are a classic sign of intussusception, a different condition where part of the intestine telescopes into itself. While abdominal distention can occur in pyloric stenosis, the presence of currant jelly-like stools points to a different diagnosis.
Choice C reason:
A rounded abdomen and hypoactive bowel sounds can be seen in various gastrointestinal conditions but are not specific to hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. While a rounded abdomen may be present due to gastric distention, hypoactive bowel sounds are not a hallmark of this condition. The primary symptom of pyloric stenosis is projectile vomiting.
Choice D reason:
Ravenously hungry after vomiting is a classic manifestation of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Infants with this condition often vomit forcefully after feeding and then appear hungry again because the food does not pass through the pylorus into the intestines. This symptom, along with projectile vomiting, is a key indicator of pyloric stenosis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Wearing cotton underpants is recommended to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young girls. Cotton is a breathable fabric that allows air to circulate, reducing moisture and creating an environment less conducive to bacterial growth. This helps to keep the genital area dry and clean, which is important in preventing UTIs.
Choice B reason:
Limiting trips to the bathroom is not recommended for preventing UTIs. In fact, it is important for young girls to urinate frequently to flush out bacteria from the urinary tract. Holding urine for extended periods can increase the risk of bacterial growth and infection. Therefore, encouraging regular bathroom trips is a better practice for preventing UTIs.
Choice C reason:
Decreasing salt intake is not directly related to preventing UTIs. While a healthy diet is important for overall health, there is no specific evidence linking salt intake to the prevention of urinary tract infections. The focus should be on practices that directly reduce the risk of bacterial growth and infection in the urinary tract.
Choice D reason:
Soaking in a bathtub, especially with bubble baths or perfumed soaps, can increase the risk of UTIs. These substances can irritate the urethra and create an environment conducive to bacterial growth. It is better to avoid prolonged baths with such products and instead opt for quick showers to maintain hygiene without increasing the risk of infection.