A nurse is preparing to measure an infant's vital signs. The nurse should use which of the following sites to assess a heart rate?
Brachial artery
Radial artery
Apex of the heart
Carotid artery
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. The brachial artery is commonly used to assess the heart rate in infants due to its accessibility and the ease of palpation in smaller limbs.
B. The radial artery is not typically used in infants because it is less accessible and not as easily palpated in this age group.
C. While the apex of the heart is where heart sounds are best auscultated, it is not used to palpate the pulse in infants.
D. The carotid artery is not typically used for assessing the heart rate in infants due to the risk of applying excessive pressure.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Isosorbide dinitrate is a nitrate that helps to dilate blood vessels and reduce the workload on the heart. It is generally safe for clients with asthma.
B. Carvedilol is a beta-blocker used to manage heart failure, but it can also cause bronchoconstriction, which is dangerous for clients with asthma. Beta-blockers can exacerbate asthma symptoms, so clarification is needed before administration.
C. Fluticasone is a corticosteroid commonly used to manage asthma and other respiratory conditions; it is not contraindicated for this client.
D. Captopril is an ACE inhibitor used to treat heart failure and does not pose a risk for clients with asthma.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Clear drainage from the ear is more indicative of a ruptured tympanic membrane or an external ear infection (otitis externa) rather than otitis media.
B. Pain when manipulating the earlobe is associated with otitis externa, not otitis media.
C. Erythema and edema of the outer ear may occur with otitis externa but are not common in otitis media, which affects the middle ear.
D. Tugging on the ear is a common sign of discomfort in children with otitis media due to pressure and pain in the middle ear.