A nurse is preparing to administer short-acting insulin to a patient with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind regarding this insulin type?
It has a peak effect of 4-6 hours.
It should be given once daily in the evening.
It starts to take effect within 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration.
It has a duration of action of 24 hours.
The Correct Answer is C
A. It has a peak effect of 4-6 hours is incorrect; short-acting insulin typically peaks between 2 to 3 hours after administration.
B. It should be given once daily in the evening is incorrect; short-acting insulin is usually administered before meals, not as a once-daily dose.
C. It starts to take effect within 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration is correct; this timing is critical for managing blood glucose levels during meals.
D. It has a duration of action of 24 hours is incorrect; short-acting insulin usually has a duration of about 3 to 6 hours.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Chest pain and pale skin are not typical adverse effects associated with diltiazem use.
B. Shortness of breath and wheezing may occur due to other conditions or medications but are not common adverse effects of diltiazem.
C. Calcium channel blockers like diltiazem can cause peripheral edema due to vasodilation and bradycardia as a result of their action on the heart rate. Monitoring for these effects is essential in patients taking diltiazem.
D. Tachycardia is not an expected adverse effect of diltiazem; in fact, it is used to manage conditions where tachycardia may be present. Anxiety is also not a direct adverse effect of this medication.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Clients with hepatitis C experience liver impairment, which is crucial for drug metabolism; hence, they are likely to have impaired drug metabolism.
B. Treatment for basal cell skin cancer typically does not affect liver function significantly, so drug metabolism is less likely to be impaired.
C. Clients requiring dialysis have impaired renal function, affecting drug excretion more than metabolism, so they may not necessarily have impaired drug metabolism.
D. Dehydration following diarrhea can affect the body's overall function, but it is less directly related to impaired drug metabolism compared to liver dysfunction.