A nurse is preparing to administer short-acting insulin to a patient with type 1 diabetes. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind regarding this insulin type?
It has a peak effect of 4-6 hours.
It should be given once daily in the evening.
It starts to take effect within 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration.
It has a duration of action of 24 hours.
The Correct Answer is C
A. It has a peak effect of 4-6 hours is incorrect; short-acting insulin typically peaks between 2 to 3 hours after administration.
B. It should be given once daily in the evening is incorrect; short-acting insulin is usually administered before meals, not as a once-daily dose.
C. It starts to take effect within 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration is correct; this timing is critical for managing blood glucose levels during meals.
D. It has a duration of action of 24 hours is incorrect; short-acting insulin usually has a duration of about 3 to 6 hours.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Short-acting insulin does not cover basal needs; that is the role of long-acting insulin.
B. Intermediate-acting insulin does not primarily cover mealtime glucose spikes; it provides a more prolonged effect.
C. Short-acting insulin is used to manage blood glucose during meals, while intermediate-acting insulin helps maintain glucose control between meals and overnight, making this the correct choice.
D. Short-acting and intermediate-acting insulins have different onset and peak times; they do not share the same pharmacokinetic properties.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. This insulin does not peak like short-acting insulin; glargine provides a consistent release of insulin without a peak effect.
B. Long-acting insulin is not meant to be taken with meals, as it provides basal control and is typically taken once daily, not with each meal.
C. This statement is correct; glargine provides a steady level of insulin over 24 hours, helping to maintain consistent blood glucose levels throughout the day and night.
D. Long-acting insulin is usually administered once daily, so stating that it must be given three times a day is incorrect.