A nurse is preparing to administer an ophthalmic medication to a client.
Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Instill the ophthalmic medication directly on the client's cornea.
Ask the client to tightly squeeze their eyes shut after the instillation.
Clean the client's eye from the outer canthus to the inner canthus before instillation.
Apply pressure to the client's nasolacrimal duct after instillation.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Instilling ophthalmic medication directly on the cornea can cause irritation and discomfort. Medications should be administered in the conjunctival sac.
Choice B rationale
Asking the client to tightly squeeze their eyes shut after instillation can expel the medication, reducing its effectiveness. Gentle closing of the eyes is recommended.
Choice C rationale
Cleaning the eye from the outer canthus to the inner canthus is not the proper method. The correct method is to clean from the inner canthus to the outer canthus to avoid contaminating the inner eye.
Choice D rationale
Applying pressure to the nasolacrimal duct after instillation helps prevent the medication from draining into the nasolacrimal system, ensuring better absorption in the eye.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Colonoscopy is the recommended test for screening for rectal cancer. It allows for direct visualization of the entire colon and rectum, enabling the detection and biopsy of polyps or
suspicious lesions. It is the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening.
Choice B rationale
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is used to diagnose and treat conditions of the bile ducts, pancreas, and gallbladder. It’s not typically used for colorectal
cancer screening.
Choice C rationale
An upper GI series involves X-rays of the upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) after swallowing a contrast medium. This test does not visualize the
lower GI tract, including the colon and rectum, and is therefore not suitable for rectal cancer screening.
Choice D rationale
Upper GI endoscopy allows for direct visualization of the upper gastrointestinal tract but does not reach the colon and rectum. Hence, it is not used for screening rectal cancer
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Reflex incontinence is caused by neurological impairment or damage, such as spinal cord injury, which results in a loss of voluntary control over urination. The bladder muscle contracts involuntarily, causing urine leakage.
Choice B rationale
Overflow incontinence occurs when the bladder cannot empty properly, leading to frequent or constant dribbling of urine. It is not typically associated with nerve damage from spinal cord injury.
Choice C rationale
Stress incontinence is caused by physical movement or activity—such as coughing, sneezing, or heavy lifting—that puts pressure on the bladder, leading to urine leakage. It is not related to nerve damage or neurological conditions.
Choice D rationale
Urge incontinence is characterized by a sudden, intense urge to urinate, followed by involuntary urine leakage. It is usually caused by an overactive bladder or other conditions affecting bladder function, but not directly by nerve damage from spinal cord injury.