A nurse is preparing to administer an ophthalmic medication to a client.
Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?
Instill the ophthalmic medication directly on the client's cornea.
Ask the client to tightly squeeze their eyes shut after the instillation.
Clean the client's eye from the outer canthus to the inner canthus before instillation.
Apply pressure to the client's nasolacrimal duct after instillation.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Instilling ophthalmic medication directly on the cornea can cause irritation and discomfort. Medications should be administered in the conjunctival sac.
Choice B rationale
Asking the client to tightly squeeze their eyes shut after instillation can expel the medication, reducing its effectiveness. Gentle closing of the eyes is recommended.
Choice C rationale
Cleaning the eye from the outer canthus to the inner canthus is not the proper method. The correct method is to clean from the inner canthus to the outer canthus to avoid contaminating the inner eye.
Choice D rationale
Applying pressure to the nasolacrimal duct after instillation helps prevent the medication from draining into the nasolacrimal system, ensuring better absorption in the eye.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Aging usually leads to a decrease in muscle tone of the bowel rather than an increase, which can result in slower bowel movements and constipation.
Choice B rationale
Gastric acid production tends to decrease with age, not increase. This can affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and also increase the risk of stomach infections.
Choice C rationale
The pH of the stomach tends to become less acidic (increase) as one ages, not decrease. This is often due to the reduced production of gastric acid.
Choice D rationale
Decreased intestinal peristalsis is a common physiological change in older adults. This slowing down of the intestinal movements can lead to constipation and other digestive issues.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
An ileal conduit does not provide the client with control over elimination. It is a type of urinary diversion, and the client wears an external pouch to collect urine.
Choice B rationale
In an ileal conduit, the client's ureters are attached to a section of the small intestine, which is then brought to the surface of the abdomen to form a stoma. Urine flows through this conduit into an external pouch.
Choice C rationale
An ileal conduit is not a tube that directly connects the kidney to an external pouch. It involves using a section of the small intestine to create a passageway for urine to exit the body.
Choice D rationale
Stool is not passed through an ileal conduit. The ileal conduit is specifically for urinary diversion, while stool passes through the regular gastrointestinal tract.