A nurse is preparing to administer acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) to a client with excessive respiratory secretions. Which of the following statements are correct regarding acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) (Select All that Apply.)
alternative usage includes being the reversal agent for acetaminophen overdoses.
This medication should not be used for clients with productive coughs.
This medication has a foul smell resembling "rotten eggs"
This medication can be utilized in client's with cystic fibrosis. This medication falls under the classification of "mucoyltic".
This medication has anticholinergic properties and side effects
Correct Answer : A,C,D
A) Alternative usage includes being the reversal agent for acetaminophen overdoses: Acetylcysteine is indeed used as an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. It helps replenish glutathione levels in the liver, thus protecting it from damage caused by the overdose. This is a well-established use of the medication.
B) This medication should not be used for clients with productive coughs: This statement is not correct. Acetylcysteine is used to help thin and loosen mucus, making it easier to expel from the lungs. It can be beneficial for clients with productive coughs, as it aids in reducing excessive respiratory secretions.
C) This medication has a foul smell resembling "rotten eggs": Acetylcysteine has a characteristic odor that is often described as similar to rotten eggs due to the presence of sulfur in its chemical structure. This can be an important consideration for patients when administering the medication.
D) This medication can be utilized in clients with cystic fibrosis. This medication falls under the classification of "mucolytic": Acetylcysteine is classified as a mucolytic agent, making it useful for patients with conditions like cystic fibrosis, where thick mucus production is a significant issue. It helps to decrease the viscosity of secretions, facilitating easier clearance.
E) This medication has anticholinergic properties and side effects: This statement is incorrect. Acetylcysteine does not possess anticholinergic properties. Anticholinergic medications typically reduce secretions and are used for different indications, whereas acetylcysteine serves to increase mucus clearance, not decrease it.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hypertension: Fluticasone, a corticosteroid, is not typically associated with causing hypertension directly. However, chronic use can lead to fluid retention and hypertension in some individuals, but it is not a primary concern compared to other side effects.
B. Fungal infections: This is a significant adverse effect associated with inhaled corticosteroids like fluticasone. Prolonged use can increase the risk of oral thrush and other fungal infections due to the immunosuppressive effects of corticosteroids. Monitoring for signs of infection is crucial.
C. Decreased immunity: While long-term use of systemic corticosteroids can lead to decreased immune function, inhaled fluticasone is less likely to cause significant immunosuppression. However, it can still impact local immunity in the airways, making monitoring for infections more relevant than generalized immune suppression.
D. Hypoglycemia: Fluticasone is not known to cause hypoglycemia. In fact, corticosteroids typically can lead to increased blood glucose levels rather than lowering them, especially with chronic use, making this option inaccurate in the context of monitoring for adverse effects.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. CNS Depressants: While there may be general concerns about using multiple medications that affect the central nervous system, CNS depressants do not have a direct interaction with oxymetazoline. Oxymetazoline is primarily a nasal decongestant and its interactions are more specific to other classes of medications.
B. Short Acting Beta Agonist: Short-acting beta agonists (SABAs) are bronchodilators used in asthma management. There is no direct interaction with oxymetazoline; they are used for different purposes and act on different receptors.
C. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): This option is correct. MAOIs can potentially interact with oxymetazoline, leading to increased blood pressure and other cardiovascular effects. The combination can cause vasoconstriction due to the stimulant effects of both oxymetazoline and the increased levels of norepinephrine resulting from MAOI inhibition.
D. Mast Cell Inhibitors: Mast cell stabilizers do not interact directly with oxymetazoline. These medications are used primarily to manage allergic responses and asthma symptoms and do not have a significant effect on the actions of oxymetazoline.