A nurse is preparing to administer a vaccine to a 4-year-old child.
Which of the following vaccines should the nurse administer?
Hepatitis B (HepB).
Meningococcal (MenACWY).
Varicella (VAR).
Human papillomavirus (HPV).
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Hepatitis B (HepB) is typically given at birth and in subsequent doses but isn't scheduled for 4-year-olds.
Choice B rationale
Meningococcal (MenACWY) vaccine is generally recommended for older children and adolescents.
Choice C rationale
Varicella (VAR) vaccine is recommended for children around 4 years old to protect against chickenpox.
Choice D rationale
Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is recommended for preteens starting at age 11, not 4-year-olds.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A pincer grasp, using the thumb and index finger to pick up small objects, typically develops around 9 to 12 months of age, not at 4 months.
Choice B rationale
The posterior fontanel typically closes by the age of 2 to 3 months, so a 4-month-old infant would be expected to have a closed posterior fontanel. This finding is consistent with normal development.
Choice C rationale
Lateral incisors, the teeth on either side of the front teeth, typically erupt around 9 to 13 months of age, not at 4 months.
Choice D rationale
Sitting steadily without support generally occurs closer to 6 to 8 months of age, so it would not be expected in a 4-month-old infant.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Giving the toddler a choice between two cups helps to decrease negativism by providing options that still achieve the desired outcome, thereby reducing the likelihood of refusal.
Choice B rationale
Asking the child to take medicine now offers no real choice and is likely to be met with resistance, which is characteristic of negativism in toddlers.
Choice C rationale
This question is too open-ended and can easily be refused, as it does not provide a sense of control or choice for the toddler.
Choice D rationale
Telling the child they "need" to take medicine is directive and authoritarian, which often triggers negativism and a refusal.