A nurse is preparing a client for a kidney biopsy. Which of the following client conditions should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this diagnostic test?
Flank pain
Elevated creatinine level
Coagulation disorder
Urinary retention
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Flank pain alone is not a contraindication for a kidney biopsy, although it may be a symptom that necessitates the biopsy to determine the cause of kidney issues.
B. An elevated creatinine level indicates impaired kidney function but is not a contraindication for a kidney biopsy; in fact, it may be a reason to perform the biopsy.
C. A coagulation disorder is a contraindication for a kidney biopsy because it increases the risk of bleeding during and after the procedure. It is crucial to ensure that coagulation parameters are within a safe range before performing this invasive test.
D. Urinary retention does not contraindicate a kidney biopsy, although it may need to be addressed separately.
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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A decreased level of consciousness is a common symptom of ARF due to hypoxemia, which reduces oxygen delivery to the brain, leading to confusion, agitation, or lethargy.
B. Hypercarbia, or elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, occurs due to impaired gas exchange in ARF, which leads to respiratory acidosis.
C. Severe dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is a hallmark symptom of ARF as the lungs fail to maintain adequate oxygenation or ventilation.
D. Nausea is not a typical manifestation of ARF; while it may occur due to other factors, it is not directly associated with respiratory failure.
E. Tachycardia, or an increased heart rate, is often seen in ARF as the body attempts to compensate for hypoxemia by increasing cardiac output to deliver more oxygen to tissues.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Slow, steady bubbling in the suction control chamber indicates that the system is functioning correctly. The nurse should continue to monitor the client's respiratory status and the drainage system.
B. Clamping the chest tube is not indicated unless instructed by the healthcare provider, as it could lead to a dangerous buildup of pressure in the pleural space.
C. Checking the suction control outlet on the wall is not necessary if the suction control chamber is already bubbling steadily.
D. Checking the tubing connections for leaks is unnecessary if the bubbling is slow and steady, as this indicates the system is working properly.