A nurse is precepting a nursing student. The nurse explains to the nursing student how you would perform the graphesthesia test on a client. What is the correct way to perform this test?
The nurse will simultaneously touch the client in the same area on both sides of the body, and the client will identify where the touch occurred.
The nurse will briefly touch the client, and the client will need to identify where the touch occurred.
Client will close their eyes and identify what number the nurse writes in the palm of the client's hand with a blunt-ended object.
The client is to identify the numbers of points felt when the nurse touches the client with the ends of two applicators at the same time.
The Correct Answer is C
A. This description relates more to a sensory discrimination test, not graphesthesia.
B. This option does not accurately describe the graphesthesia test, which involves identifying shapes or numbers rather than just touch location.
C. In the graphesthesia test, the client closes their eyes while the nurse uses a blunt object to write a number or shape in the client's palm, and the client must identify what was written. This assesses the ability to recognize letters or numbers drawn on the skin.
D. This option describes a two-point discrimination test rather than graphesthesia, which focuses on identifying drawn shapes or numbers.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and elevated bicarbonate levels, which is not present in these results.
B. Respiratory alkalosis would present with an increased pH and decreased PaCO2, which does not apply here.
C. The low pH (7.12) indicates acidemia, and the elevated PaCO2 (90 mm Hg) suggests hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis due to CO2 retention. The bicarbonate level is within normal limits, further supporting respiratory acidosis.
D. Metabolic acidosis would be indicated by a low pH and low bicarbonate levels; however, the bicarbonate is normal in this case, ruling out metabolic acidosis.
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E","F"]
Explanation
A. Hypoactive oil and sweat glands: Pregnancy typically causes increased activity in oil and sweat glands, not decreased.
B. Increased skin pigmentation: Increased pigmentation is common during pregnancy, often affecting areas like the areolas and abdomen.
C. Persistent migraine headaches: While some women may experience headaches in pregnancy, they are not an expected or typical finding and may require further assessment.
D. Facial edema: Mild facial edema can occur as pregnancy progresses, especially due to increased blood volume and fluid retention.
E. Melasma: Melasma, or "mask of pregnancy," is a common finding characterized by dark patches on the face due to hormonal changes.
F. Linea nigra: Linea nigra is a dark line that often appears on the abdomen during pregnancy as a result of hormonal changes.