A nurse is planning home care for a school-age child who is awaiting discharge to home following an acute asthma attack.
Which of the following growth and development stages according to Erikson should the nurse consider in the planning?
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
Identity vs. role confusion.
Initiative vs. guilt.
Industry vs. inferiority.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt is the stage for toddlers, where children learn to assert their independence and autonomy. This stage doesn't apply to school-age children.
Choice B rationale
Identity vs. role confusion is the stage for adolescents, where they explore different roles and integrate them into their identity. This is beyond the scope of school-age children.
Choice C rationale
Initiative vs. guilt applies to preschool children, where they begin to assert power and control through directing play and other social interactions. School-age children have moved
past this stage.
Choice D rationale
Industry vs. inferiority is the stage for school-age children according to Erikson's theory. In this stage, children develop a sense of pride and competence in their skills and abilities
through school and social interactions.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Autonomy is a developmental task of toddlers (1-3 years old), focusing on developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and independence.
Choice B rationale
Initiative is a developmental task of early childhood (3-6 years old), where children begin to assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.
Choice C rationale
Identity is the primary developmental task of adolescents (12-18 years old), focusing on developing a personal sense of self and direction in life.
Choice D rationale
Trust is a developmental task of infancy (0-1 year), where children learn to trust their caregivers for care and sustenance.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Soda and high quantities of juice are high in sugar and lack essential nutrients, making them poor beverage choices for a toddler.
Choice B rationale
Milk provides essential nutrients like calcium and vitamin D, while limiting juice intake reduces sugar consumption, promoting better overall health.
Choice C rationale
Gatorade is designed for athletes to replenish electrolytes and contains high levels of sugar and artificial ingredients, not suitable for toddlers.
Choice D rationale
Red Bull, an energy drink, is highly inappropriate for children due to its high caffeine content and potential harmful health effects.