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A nurse is planning care for a client who requires screening for rectal cancer.
Which of the following tests should the nurse anticipate in the client's care?

A.

Colonoscopy.

B.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).

C.

Upper GI series.

D.

Upper GI endoscopy.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Colonoscopy is the recommended test for screening for rectal cancer. It allows for direct visualization of the entire colon and rectum, enabling the detection and biopsy of polyps or

suspicious lesions. It is the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening.

 

Choice B rationale

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is used to diagnose and treat conditions of the bile ducts, pancreas, and gallbladder. It’s not typically used for colorectal

cancer screening.

 

Choice C rationale

An upper GI series involves X-rays of the upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) after swallowing a contrast medium. This test does not visualize the

lower GI tract, including the colon and rectum, and is therefore not suitable for rectal cancer screening.

 

Choice D rationale

Upper GI endoscopy allows for direct visualization of the upper gastrointestinal tract but does not reach the colon and rectum. Hence, it is not used for screening rectal cancer


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View Related questions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Aging usually leads to a decrease in muscle tone of the bowel rather than an increase, which can result in slower bowel movements and constipation.

Choice B rationale

Gastric acid production tends to decrease with age, not increase. This can affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and also increase the risk of stomach infections.

Choice C rationale

The pH of the stomach tends to become less acidic (increase) as one ages, not decrease. This is often due to the reduced production of gastric acid.

Choice D rationale

Decreased intestinal peristalsis is a common physiological change in older adults. This slowing down of the intestinal movements can lead to constipation and other digestive issues.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Blood in the urine (hematuria) is not a typical finding in urinary retention. It may indicate other conditions such as infection, stones, or malignancy.

Choice B rationale

Cloudy urine is often a sign of infection, not typically associated with urinary retention. It can be caused by the presence of bacteria, white blood cells, or crystals.

Choice C rationale

Dark-colored urine can result from dehydration or certain foods and medications. It is not a specific finding of urinary retention.

Choice D rationale

Leakage of urine, also known as overflow incontinence, can occur in urinary retention. This happens when the bladder becomes overly full, and small amounts of urine leak out due to the pressure.

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