A nurse is planning care for a client who requires screening for rectal cancer.
Which of the following tests should the nurse anticipate in the client's care?
Colonoscopy.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).
Upper GI series.
Upper GI endoscopy.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Colonoscopy is the recommended test for screening for rectal cancer. It allows for direct visualization of the entire colon and rectum, enabling the detection and biopsy of polyps or
suspicious lesions. It is the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening.
Choice B rationale
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is used to diagnose and treat conditions of the bile ducts, pancreas, and gallbladder. It’s not typically used for colorectal
cancer screening.
Choice C rationale
An upper GI series involves X-rays of the upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) after swallowing a contrast medium. This test does not visualize the
lower GI tract, including the colon and rectum, and is therefore not suitable for rectal cancer screening.
Choice D rationale
Upper GI endoscopy allows for direct visualization of the upper gastrointestinal tract but does not reach the colon and rectum. Hence, it is not used for screening rectal cancer
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Neobladder urinary diversion involves creating an internal reservoir or pouch from a segment of the intestine to store urine. This new bladder is then connected to the urethra,
enabling the client to void through the urethra. This method closely mimics natural urination, allowing the client to have some control over urination.
Choice B rationale
This is incorrect because a neobladder is designed to allow the client to control urination. While there might be a learning curve for the client to adapt to the new bladder, the ultimate
goal is to achieve continence.
Choice C rationale
This describes an ileal conduit, another type of urinary diversion, where a stoma is created on the abdomen for urine to pass into an external bag. The neobladder does not involve a
stoma for urination.
Choice D rationale
This is incorrect as it pertains to an ileal conduit or urostomy. Clients with a neobladder do not require an external collection bag since urine is stored internally in the constructed
bladder and can be passed through the urethra. .
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Fresh vegetables do not typically cause bladder irritation. In fact, they are often recommended for a healthy diet and can help with overall bodily functions.
Choice B rationale
Red meat is not commonly associated with bladder irritation. However, consuming it in excessive amounts may have other health implications.
Choice C rationale
Dairy products are not known to cause bladder irritation. They can be a part of a balanced diet unless there is an individual intolerance or allergy.
Choice D rationale
Caffeinated beverages, such as coffee, tea, and some sodas, can irritate the bladder and increase the frequency and urgency of urination. This is due to the diuretic effect of caffeine, which stimulates bladder activity.