A nurse is performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for an adult client who is unresponsive. The nurse should evaluate the client's circulation by palpating which of the following pulses?
Radial
Carotid
Apical
Popliteal
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. The radial pulse is not as reliable as the carotid pulse in assessing circulation during CPR.
B. The carotid pulse is the most reliable site to assess circulation in an adult during CPR because it is closest to the heart and will reflect the true status of central circulation.
C. The apical pulse is not typically assessed during CPR due to its location and difficulty in palpation.
D. The popliteal pulse is not a recommended site for assessing circulation during CPR.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A depressed ST-segment is often associated with ischemia or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), not an ongoing MI.
B. A depressed ST-segment with normal cardiac enzymes suggests ischemia rather than an active MI.
C. ST-segment elevation on ECG combined with elevated cardiac biomarkers such as CK-MB or troponin levels is a hallmark of an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), indicating an ongoing MI.
D. A Q wave on ECG indicates an old infarction and is not associated with an acute MI if enzymes and troponin levels are normal.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Homocysteine is a marker for cardiovascular risk but is not used to monitor heart failure therapy.
B. LDL levels are associated with cholesterol management and do not directly reflect heart failure treatment effectiveness.
C. Troponin is a marker of myocardial injury, not heart failure severity.
D. B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels correlate with the severity of heart failure and are used to monitor the effectiveness of heart failure therapy.
