A nurse is performing an assessment on a client who has been taking verapamil as prescribed for two months. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as adverse effects of this medication? (Select all that apply.)
Peripheral edema.
Bradycardia.
Constipation.
Reports of blurred vision.
Reports of insomnia.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A rationale
Peripheral edema is a common adverse effect of verapamil. It occurs due to the vasodilatory effects of the medication, which can cause fluid retention in the extremities.
Choice B rationale
Bradycardia is an adverse effect of verapamil. It occurs because verapamil slows down the heart rate by blocking calcium channels in the heart.
Choice C rationale
Constipation is a common adverse effect of verapamil. It occurs due to the medication’s effect on smooth muscle relaxation, which can slow down gastrointestinal motility.
Choice D rationale
Reports of blurred vision are not a common adverse effect of verapamil. Blurred vision is not typically associated with this medication.
Choice E rationale
Reports of insomnia are not a common adverse effect of verapamil. Insomnia is not typically associated with this medication.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Experiencing a rash while taking allopurinol is not harmless. It can be a sign of a serious allergic reaction, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Choice B rationale
Increasing fluid intake is crucial when taking allopurinol. It helps to prevent kidney stones and ensures that uric acid is effectively excreted from the body.
Choice C rationale
Increasing dietary fiber intake is not specifically related to the use of allopurinol. While fiber is beneficial for overall health, it does not directly impact the effectiveness or safety of allopurinol.
Choice D rationale
Taking one dose every hour until the pain subsides is incorrect and dangerous. Allopurinol should be taken as prescribed by a healthcare provider, typically once or twice daily.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Limiting caffeine is not the first action the nurse should take. While caffeine can exacerbate symptoms of BPH, it is not the priority action when starting doxazosin IR3.
Choice B rationale
Reporting headaches is important, but it is not the first action the nurse should take. Headaches can be a side effect of doxazosin, but monitoring the patient’s initial response to the medication is more critical.
Choice C rationale
Measuring the client’s intake and output is important for monitoring urinary symptoms, but it is not the first action the nurse should take when starting doxazosin IR3.
Choice D rationale
Administering the medication at bedtime is the correct first action. Doxazosin can cause dizziness and hypotension, especially after the first dose, so taking it at bedtime can help minimize these effects.