A nurse is monitoring a client who received epinephrine for angioedema after a first dose of losartan. Which of the following data indicates a therapeutic response to the epinephrine?
Client reports decreased groin pain of 3 on a 1 to 10 scale.
The client tolerates a second dose of medication with no greater than 1+ peripheral edema.
Respirations are unlabored.
The client's blood pressure when arising from resting position is at premedication levels.
The Correct Answer is C
A. Decreased groin pain is not an indicator of therapeutic response specific to the effects of epinephrine in treating angioedema.
B. While tolerating a second dose of medication with minimal peripheral edema is positive, it does not directly reflect the immediate therapeutic effects of epinephrine.
C. Unlabored respirations indicate improved airway patency and reduced bronchoconstriction, which are key therapeutic outcomes of epinephrine administration in angioedema.
D. Blood pressure returning to premedication levels is beneficial but is not the most immediate indicator of epinephrine's therapeutic effect in managing angioedema.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Stridor is a high-pitched sound indicating upper airway obstruction and is a critical sign of anaphylaxis requiring immediate intervention to secure the airway.
B. Hypotension is a serious condition that occurs during anaphylaxis, but the priority is to address the airway obstruction first.
C. Urticaria (hives) is a common symptom of an allergic reaction but is not life-threatening and can be addressed after more severe symptoms.
D. Vomiting may occur during anaphylaxis but is not the most urgent finding when airway compromise is present.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Binding is the initial step where the HIV virus attaches to the CD4 receptor on the host cell's surface. This interaction is crucial for the subsequent entry of the virus into the host cell.
B. Integration occurs later in the lifecycle, after the virus has entered the host cell and its RNA is converted to DNA.
C. Fusion refers to the process where the viral envelope fuses with the host cell membrane to allow entry into the cell, which follows the binding stage.
D. Reverse Transcription is the process of converting viral RNA into DNA after the virus has entered the host cell, and is not involved in the attachment phase.