A nurse is giving a presentation about client confidentiality to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following actions is an example of a violation of confidentiality?
Reporting laboratory findings to a member of the client's family.
Notifying the provider of physical examination findings.
Discussing a client's surgical procedure with the nurse manager.
Identifying the client by name when making a referral for home health services.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Reporting laboratory findings to a family member without the client’s consent is a violation of confidentiality, as the client’s health information should not be disclosed to unauthorized individuals.
B. Notifying the provider of physical examination findings is within the nurse's duty of care and does not violate confidentiality.
C. Discussing the client's care with the nurse manager, especially in a supervisory context, does not violate confidentiality, provided it's within the scope of professional communication.
D. Identifying the client by name when making a referral is a necessary part of care coordination and does not violate confidentiality when handled appropriately.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
A. It is crucial that staff members perceive the change as beneficial; otherwise, they will resist adoption. Clear communication of the advantages of the new device can foster acceptance.
B. A successful change process often involves negotiation and collaboration, allowing staff to express concerns and participate in the transition, enhancing buy-in and ownership.
C. The relationship between the nurse manager and the staff significantly impacts the change process; a positive relationship can lead to greater trust and willingness to adapt.
D. Involving staff in identifying the problem for the change promotes ownership and commitment, making them more likely to embrace the new device.
E. While sharing ideas and reactions is beneficial, discouraging the expression of fears can lead to unresolved issues and resentment, which could hinder the change process. It is essential to create an environment where all feelings and concerns can be shared openly.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) ensures patients are informed of their rights, but it does not provide a basis for changing a living will when a patient is incapacitated.
B. A durable power of attorney for health care can make decisions on behalf of the client but cannot simply cancel the living will without considering the client's wishes as outlined in it.
C. Family members cannot arbitrarily change a living will, especially when the client is unconscious; the living will reflects the client’s predetermined wishes.
D. The living will is a legal document that outlines the client’s preferences regarding lifesaving measures and should be followed even if the client is unconscious.