A nurse is giving a presentation about client confidentiality to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following actions is an example of a violation of confidentiality?
Reporting laboratory findings to a member of the client's family.
Notifying the provider of physical examination findings.
Discussing a client's surgical procedure with the nurse manager.
Identifying the client by name when making a referral for home health services.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Reporting laboratory findings to a family member without the client’s consent is a violation of confidentiality, as the client’s health information should not be disclosed to unauthorized individuals.
B. Notifying the provider of physical examination findings is within the nurse's duty of care and does not violate confidentiality.
C. Discussing the client's care with the nurse manager, especially in a supervisory context, does not violate confidentiality, provided it's within the scope of professional communication.
D. Identifying the client by name when making a referral is a necessary part of care coordination and does not violate confidentiality when handled appropriately.
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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
A. The effectiveness of debriefing is indeed influenced by the skills and abilities of the person conducting it, making this statement true.
B. One of the primary purposes of debriefing is to analyze the implications of actions taken, promoting learning and improvement.
C. Debriefing can lead to cognitive reframing, helping individuals view situations from different perspectives, which enhances understanding and coping strategies.
D. Effective debriefing often requires a facilitator (debriefer) to guide the process, so this statement is inaccurate.
E. Debriefing focuses on understanding the actions and their implications rather than disregarding their meaning, making this statement false.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) ensures patients are informed of their rights, but it does not provide a basis for changing a living will when a patient is incapacitated.
B. A durable power of attorney for health care can make decisions on behalf of the client but cannot simply cancel the living will without considering the client's wishes as outlined in it.
C. Family members cannot arbitrarily change a living will, especially when the client is unconscious; the living will reflects the client’s predetermined wishes.
D. The living will is a legal document that outlines the client’s preferences regarding lifesaving measures and should be followed even if the client is unconscious.