A nurse is educating a client about possible causes of their depressed mood. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"My elevated heart rate could be the cause of my depressed mood."
"My renal dysfunction could be the cause of my depressed mood."
"My high blood pressure could be the cause of my depressed mood."
"The stress from my new job could be the cause of my depressed mood."
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. An elevated heart rate alone is not commonly associated with depression.
B. While renal dysfunction can impact mood, the direct link between it and depression is not as strong as other factors.
C. High blood pressure is not a direct cause of depression, though it can contribute to overall health issues.
D. Stress from a new job is a common and recognizable factor that can lead to or exacerbate depressive symptoms, showing an understanding of how situational stress can impact mood.
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Correct Answer is ["C","E","F"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Defense mechanisms and coping strategies are not the same. Defense mechanisms are unconscious processes used to protect the individual from anxiety and internal conflicts, while coping strategies are conscious efforts to handle stress.
B. Defense mechanisms can be maladaptive and may not always help clients positively deal with stress. They can sometimes hinder adaptive functioning.
C. Defense mechanisms are indeed influenced by neurological and psychological growth. As individuals age, they develop more sophisticated and adaptive mechanisms.
D. Maladaptive defense mechanisms do not improve mental well-being; instead, they can often worsen mental health and impair functioning.
E. Adaptive defense mechanisms, such as sublimation and rationalization, help individuals manage stress more effectively and transform challenges into manageable situations.
F. Adaptive defense mechanisms are characteristic of more mature psychological functioning, reflecting a higher level of emotional resilience and coping.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Increased respiratory rate is a common finding in fluid overload due to pulmonary congestion and edema, which can affect breathing.
B. Increased temperature is not directly associated with fluid overload; it is more indicative of an infection or inflammatory process.
C. Increased heart rate can occur as the heart compensates for the increased blood volume and stress on the cardiovascular system.
D. Increased blood pressure is a typical response to fluid overload due to the higher volume of circulating blood.
E. Increased hematocrit is usually not associated with fluid overload; instead, it is often increased in conditions of dehydration or hemoconcentration.