A nurse is discussing kidney transplant with a client who has end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Which of the following should the nurse identify as a contraindication for this treatment?
Breast cancer survivor for 8 years.
65 years of age.
Alcohol use disorder.
Pacemaker.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
A breast cancer survivor for 8 years without recurrence is generally considered for transplantation if otherwise healthy.
Choice B rationale
Age 65 is not an absolute contraindication for kidney transplantation. Many factors such as overall health status are considered.
Choice C rationale
Alcohol use disorder is a contraindication due to the potential for poor adherence to post-transplant care and medication, as well as the increased risk of liver damage.
Choice D rationale
Having a pacemaker is not an absolute contraindication for a kidney transplant; individuals with pacemakers can still be eligible for transplantation if otherwise healthy.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Acidosis is a key characteristic of diabetic ketoacidosis due to the accumulation of ketoacids in the body from fat metabolism.
Choice B rationale
Low blood sugar is not associated with diabetic ketoacidosis; it is characterized by hyperglycemia.
Choice C rationale
Ketosis occurs in DKA due to the breakdown of fats instead of glucose for energy, leading to an accumulation of ketones.
Choice D rationale
Fluid overload is not typical of diabetic ketoacidosis; dehydration is more common due to osmotic diuresis.
Choice E rationale
Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of diabetic ketoacidosis, resulting from the lack of insulin and the consequent high levels of glucose in the blood.
Choice F rationale
Alkalosis is not associated with diabetic ketoacidosis; the condition is defined by metabolic acidosis. .
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Obtaining an influenza vaccine annually is crucial for individuals with type 1 diabetes to reduce the risk of infections that can exacerbate their condition.
Choice B rationale
Injecting insulin in the deltoid muscle is not standard practice as subcutaneous tissue in the abdomen or thigh is preferred for insulin absorption.
Choice C rationale
Administering glucagon is for hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia; insulin or other medications manage hyperglycemia.
Choice D rationale
Taking glyburide is not suitable for type 1 diabetes as it requires insulin management.