A nurse is discussing fetal circulation with a group of nursing students.The ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus are key factors in fetal circulation.Which of the following explains the purpose of these shunts in fetal circulation?
To bypass the lungs and direct oxygenated blood to the brain and body.
To ensure proper development of the fetal heart.
To regulate blood pressure in the fetus.
To facilitate gas exchange in the lungs.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
The ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus are shunts in fetal circulation that bypass the lungs and liver, directing oxygenated blood to the brain and body. The foramen ovale allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs. The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs. The ductus venosus shunts blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver.
Choice B rationale
This choice is incorrect because the primary purpose of these shunts is not to ensure proper development of the fetal heart. While they do play a role in directing blood flow, their main function is to bypass the non-functional fetal lungs and liver.
Choice C rationale
This choice is incorrect because the shunts are not primarily involved in regulating blood pressure in the fetus. Their main function is to direct oxygenated blood to vital organs like the brain and heart.
Choice D rationale
This choice is incorrect because the shunts bypass the lungs, which are not yet functional in the fetus. Gas exchange occurs in the placenta, not the fetal lungs.
Free Nursing Test Bank
- Free Pharmacology Quiz 1
- Free Medical-Surgical Quiz 2
- Free Fundamentals Quiz 3
- Free Maternal-Newborn Quiz 4
- Free Anatomy and Physiology Quiz 5
- Free Obstetrics and Pediatrics Quiz 6
- Free Fluid and Electrolytes Quiz 7
- Free Community Health Quiz 8
- Free Promoting Health across the Lifespan Quiz 9
- Free Multidimensional Care Quiz 10
View Related questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","E","G"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Blood pressure is a critical parameter to monitor during pregnancy. Elevated blood pressure, as seen in this case (149/91 mmHg), can indicate the onset of hypertensive disorders such as preeclampsia, which can have severe consequences for both the mother and the fetus. Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure and signs of damage to another organ system, often the kidneys. It is essential to report elevated blood pressure to the provider for further evaluation and management.
Choice B rationale
Gastrointestinal complaints, such as nausea and vomiting, are common during pregnancy due to hormonal changes. However, they are typically not a priority unless they are severe or accompanied by other concerning symptoms. In this case, the gastrointestinal complaints are mild and have been present for 2-3 weeks, which is consistent with normal early pregnancy symptoms.
Choice C rationale
Lower abdominal cramping can be a sign of various conditions, including normal uterine growth, gastrointestinal issues, or more serious concerns such as ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage. Given the patient’s report of vaginal spotting and mild abdominal cramping, it is crucial to report this to the provider to rule out any potential complications.
Choice D rationale
The hCG result is important for confirming pregnancy and monitoring its progression. However, in this context, it is not the most immediate priority compared to other symptoms. Elevated or abnormal hCG levels can indicate potential issues, but the presence of other symptoms such as spotting and cramping takes precedence.
Choice E rationale
Vaginal spotting during early pregnancy can be a sign of implantation bleeding, but it can also indicate more serious conditions such as threatened miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. Given the patient’s report of spotting and cramping, it is essential to report this to the provider for further evaluation and management.
Choice F rationale
Heart rate is an important vital sign to monitor, but in this case, the patient’s heart rate is within the normal range for pregnancy. Therefore, it is not a priority to report unless there are other concerning symptoms or significant changes in heart rate.
Choice G rationale
Dysuria, or painful urination, can indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI), which is common during pregnancy and can lead to complications if left untreated. UTIs can cause discomfort and may lead to more serious infections such as pyelonephritis. It is important to report dysuria to the provider for appropriate testing and treatment.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Taking iron with milk is not recommended because calcium in milk can inhibit the absorption of iron. It is better to take iron supplements with a source of vitamin C, which enhances iron absorption.
Choice B rationale
Iron supplements typically cause constipation rather than loose stools. Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, and dark stools.
Choice C rationale
Taking iron with vitamin C enhances absorption. Vitamin C converts iron into a form that is more easily absorbed by the body, making it more effective in treating iron deficiency anemia.
Choice D rationale
Iron supplements are best absorbed on an empty stomach, but they can cause gastrointestinal discomfort. If this occurs, taking them with a small amount of food may help, but it should not be taken with dairy products or calcium-rich foods.