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A nurse is discussing fetal circulation with a group of nursing students.The ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus are key factors in fetal circulation.Which of the following explains the purpose of these shunts in fetal circulation?

A.

To bypass the lungs and direct oxygenated blood to the brain and body.

B.

To ensure proper development of the fetal heart.

C.

To regulate blood pressure in the fetus.

D.

To facilitate gas exchange in the lungs.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

 

The ductus venosus, foramen ovale, and ductus arteriosus are shunts in fetal circulation that bypass the lungs and liver, directing oxygenated blood to the brain and body. The foramen ovale allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the left atrium, bypassing the lungs. The ductus arteriosus connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta, allowing blood to bypass the lungs. The ductus venosus shunts blood from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver.

 

Choice B rationale

 

This choice is incorrect because the primary purpose of these shunts is not to ensure proper development of the fetal heart. While they do play a role in directing blood flow, their main function is to bypass the non-functional fetal lungs and liver.

 

Choice C rationale

 

This choice is incorrect because the shunts are not primarily involved in regulating blood pressure in the fetus. Their main function is to direct oxygenated blood to vital organs like the brain and heart.

 

Choice D rationale

 

This choice is incorrect because the shunts bypass the lungs, which are not yet functional in the fetus. Gas exchange occurs in the placenta, not the fetal lungs.


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View Related questions

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Intimate partner violence (IPV) does not necessarily decrease during pregnancy. In fact, pregnancy can sometimes increase the risk of IPV due to various stressors and changes in the relationship dynamics.

Choice B rationale

IPV consists of more than just physical abuse. It can also include emotional, psychological, and sexual abuse. Emotional abuse can involve manipulation, threats, and controlling behavior, while sexual abuse includes any non-consensual sexual activity.

Choice C rationale

IPV can indeed include emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. This comprehensive understanding is crucial for recognizing and addressing all forms of IPV, as each type can have severe and lasting impacts on the victim’s health and well-being.

Choice D rationale

IPV is not rare; it is a common issue affecting millions of people worldwide. It can occur in any demographic and socioeconomic group, making it a significant public health concern.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Calculating the estimated date of delivery (EDD) involves adding 280 days (40 weeks) to the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP). Starting from November 15th, adding 280 days results in an EDD around August 22nd, not July 12th.

Choice B rationale

Using the same calculation method, adding 280 days to November 15th results in an EDD around August 22nd, not August 12th.

Choice C rationale

This choice is close but not accurate. Adding 280 days to November 15th results in an EDD around August 22nd.

Choice D rationale

This is the correct calculation. Adding 280 days to November 15th results in an EDD around August 22nd.

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