A nurse is creating a plan of care for a child who has acute lymphoid leukemia and an absolute neutrophil count of 400/mm³ (2500 to 8000/mm³). Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?
Encourage friends and family to visit the child.
Provide a low-protein diet for the child.
Collect a daily urine specimen from the child to check for proteinuria.
Withhold administering the varicella vaccine to the child.
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Encouraging friends and family to visit the child is not appropriate due to the risk of infections, as the child has a severely compromised immune system.
B. A low-protein diet is not indicated; children with leukemia often require adequate nutrition to support their health.
C. Collecting a daily urine specimen for proteinuria is not specifically indicated for this condition; the focus should be on infection prevention.
D. Withholding the varicella vaccine is essential because live vaccines are contraindicated in immunocompromised patients due to the risk of severe infections.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. While restricting visits from young children may help reduce infection risk, it is not a sufficient or specific intervention for neutropenic precautions.
B. Avoiding raw fruits is critical because they can harbor bacteria and increase the risk of infection in neutropenic clients. Cooked fruits are safer options.
C. Measuring temperature should occur more frequently than every 8 hours, ideally every 4 hours or more, to quickly identify fever, a sign of infection.
D. Disposable gloves should be used from within the client's room to maintain strict infection control measures; using gloves from outside could introduce contaminants.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Irritability when being held may indicate increased intracranial pressure or complications related to the VP shunt placement and should be reported to the provider.
B. A heart rate of 122/min is within the normal range for an infant and does not require reporting.
C. Hypoactive bowel sounds may occur postoperatively, especially if the infant has not been fed or has been under anesthesia, and is not an immediate concern.
D. A urine specific gravity of 1.018 is within normal limits for infants and does not indicate a need for reporting.