A nurse is conducting an educational session on infection control and is explaining the epidemiological triad, which includes the host, agent, and environment. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an effective intervention targeting the "environment" component to prevent the spread of infection?
Improving ventilation and increasing the frequency of cleaning in a hospital ward to reduce pathogen exposure.
Administering a vaccination to a patient to enhance their immunity against a specific pathogen.
Providing a patient with antimicrobial medication to treat an existing infection.
Educating a patient on proper hand hygiene to reduce the likelihood of infection transmission.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Improving ventilation and increasing cleaning frequency addresses the environment component by altering the physical setting to reduce pathogen exposure and control infection spread.
B. Administering a vaccination targets the host component by enhancing immunity to prevent infection.
C. Providing antimicrobial medication addresses the agent component by treating an existing infection.
D. Educating on hand hygiene is an important intervention but primarily affects the host-agent interaction rather than the environment.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Nurses and other healthcare workers may be the primary or only point of contact for trafficking victims, providing crucial opportunities for identification and support.
B. Nurses are obligated to report suspected abuse but are generally required to report abuse or neglect for minors rather than all ages; trafficking often involves minors, but this is not a universal rule.
C. Nurses work in many different settings, which increases their opportunities to encounter and assist trafficking victims.
D. Nurses are trained to view a patient holistically and can recognize subtle signs of maltreatment that others might miss, making them critical in identifying trafficking.
E. Nurses do not have the legal authority to remove victims; their role involves identification and reporting rather than enforcement actions.
Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The child attending a childcare program does not necessarily indicate risk for abuse. Childcare attendance alone does not provide evidence of abuse risk.
B. The partner living with his parents may affect the dynamics of the household but does not directly indicate risk for the child unless further context suggests otherwise.
C. The child reporting seeing the mother being hit with a baseball bat is a significant indicator of potential abuse and trauma, which could put the child at risk.
D. Clinging to the mother's side may indicate anxiety or fear, which could be related to an abusive environment or trauma.
E. Unemployment and alcohol abuse by the partner are risk factors for intimate partner violence and can also affect the safety and well-being of the child.