A nurse is conducting an educational session on infection control and is explaining the epidemiological triad, which includes the host, agent, and environment. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an effective intervention targeting the "environment" component to prevent the spread of infection?
Improving ventilation and increasing the frequency of cleaning in a hospital ward to reduce pathogen exposure.
Administering a vaccination to a patient to enhance their immunity against a specific pathogen.
Providing a patient with antimicrobial medication to treat an existing infection.
Educating a patient on proper hand hygiene to reduce the likelihood of infection transmission.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Improving ventilation and increasing cleaning frequency addresses the environment component by altering the physical setting to reduce pathogen exposure and control infection spread.
B. Administering a vaccination targets the host component by enhancing immunity to prevent infection.
C. Providing antimicrobial medication addresses the agent component by treating an existing infection.
D. Educating on hand hygiene is an important intervention but primarily affects the host-agent interaction rather than the environment.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Developing an individualized care plan focusing solely on one issue may not address the family’s overall dynamics and interactions, which are critical in the Calgary Family Intervention Model.
B. Referring the family to specialized services without considering the family’s overall functioning misses the opportunity to address the interconnectedness of issues within the family unit.
C. Engaging the entire family in discussions to identify and address patterns of interaction and coping strategies aligns with the Calgary Family Intervention Model, which emphasizes understanding and improving family dynamics and relationships.
D. Providing education on specific medical conditions is important but does not address the broader family dynamics and support systems critical in the Calgary model.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates food safety, pharmaceuticals, and medical devices but does not set exposure standards or enforce safety and health legislation.
B. The U.S. Department of Labor oversees labor laws and employment issues but does not directly set exposure standards.
C. The Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) sets and enforces exposure standards and health and safety regulations in the workplace.
D. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducts research and provides recommendations on safety and health but does not enforce regulations.t