A nurse is conducting an educational session on infection control and is explaining the epidemiological triad, which includes the host, agent, and environment. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an effective intervention targeting the "environment" component to prevent the spread of infection?
Improving ventilation and increasing the frequency of cleaning in a hospital ward to reduce pathogen exposure.
Administering a vaccination to a patient to enhance their immunity against a specific pathogen.
Providing a patient with antimicrobial medication to treat an existing infection.
Educating a patient on proper hand hygiene to reduce the likelihood of infection transmission.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Improving ventilation and increasing cleaning frequency addresses the environment component by altering the physical setting to reduce pathogen exposure and control infection spread.
B. Administering a vaccination targets the host component by enhancing immunity to prevent infection.
C. Providing antimicrobial medication addresses the agent component by treating an existing infection.
D. Educating on hand hygiene is an important intervention but primarily affects the host-agent interaction rather than the environment.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Suggesting the patient read religious texts may provide some comfort but does not address the need for personal and communal spiritual support.
B. Encouraging the patient to focus solely on medical treatment neglects the importance of addressing the patient's emotional and spiritual needs, which are crucial tfor overall well-being.
C. Arranging for a spiritual advisor to visit is the most appropriate action as it directly addresses the patient’s spiritual needs and provides support from someone familiar with their religious practices.
D. Instructing the patient to practice meditation may not align with the patient’s specific religious practices and does not address the need for community-based spiritual support.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Appendicitis is a common condition and does not inherently increase the risk of fatal abuse.
B. A fractured humerus may be concerning but is not as high-risk for fatal abuse as younger children with significant disabilities.
C. A child with cerebral palsy, especially at a young age, is at higher risk of fatal abuse due to increased dependency and vulnerability.
D. Varicella (chickenpox) is a contagious disease but does not significantly increase the risk of fatal abuse.