A nurse is conducting an educational session on infection control and is explaining the epidemiological triad, which includes the host, agent, and environment. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an effective intervention targeting the "environment" component to prevent the spread of infection?
Improving ventilation and increasing the frequency of cleaning in a hospital ward to reduce pathogen exposure.
Administering a vaccination to a patient to enhance their immunity against a specific pathogen.
Providing a patient with antimicrobial medication to treat an existing infection.
Educating a patient on proper hand hygiene to reduce the likelihood of infection transmission.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Improving ventilation and increasing cleaning frequency addresses the environment component by altering the physical setting to reduce pathogen exposure and control infection spread.
B. Administering a vaccination targets the host component by enhancing immunity to prevent infection.
C. Providing antimicrobial medication addresses the agent component by treating an existing infection.
D. Educating on hand hygiene is an important intervention but primarily affects the host-agent interaction rather than the environment.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Physical hazards involve environmental factors that cause physical harm, such as unsafe structures or hazardous materials, but cholera is not classified under this.
B. Biologic hazards are related to living organisms or their byproducts, such as bacteria or viruses. Cholera, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, is a biological hazard.
C. Chemical hazards involve substances that can cause harm through chemical reactions or toxicity, which does not apply to cholera.
D. Psychosocial hazards relate to mental and social factors impacting health, not applicable to the cholera epidemic.
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Nurses and other healthcare workers may be the primary or only point of contact for trafficking victims, providing crucial opportunities for identification and support.
B. Nurses are obligated to report suspected abuse but are generally required to report abuse or neglect for minors rather than all ages; trafficking often involves minors, but this is not a universal rule.
C. Nurses work in many different settings, which increases their opportunities to encounter and assist trafficking victims.
D. Nurses are trained to view a patient holistically and can recognize subtle signs of maltreatment that others might miss, making them critical in identifying trafficking.
E. Nurses do not have the legal authority to remove victims; their role involves identification and reporting rather than enforcement actions.