A nurse is conducting an educational session on infection control and is explaining the epidemiological triad, which includes the host, agent, and environment. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an effective intervention targeting the "environment" component to prevent the spread of infection?
Improving ventilation and increasing the frequency of cleaning in a hospital ward to reduce pathogen exposure.
Administering a vaccination to a patient to enhance their immunity against a specific pathogen.
Providing a patient with antimicrobial medication to treat an existing infection.
Educating a patient on proper hand hygiene to reduce the likelihood of infection transmission.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Improving ventilation and increasing cleaning frequency addresses the environment component by altering the physical setting to reduce pathogen exposure and control infection spread.
B. Administering a vaccination targets the host component by enhancing immunity to prevent infection.
C. Providing antimicrobial medication addresses the agent component by treating an existing infection.
D. Educating on hand hygiene is an important intervention but primarily affects the host-agent interaction rather than the environment.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Relativity is not the appropriate term for this situation.
B. Ethnocentrism involves judging other cultures by one's own cultural standards and is not relevant here.
C. Stereotyping involves making generalized assumptions about individuals based on their age or other characteristics. Speaking loudly and slowly may reflect a stereotype about older adults needing special treatment or being less capable.
D. Racism involves discrimination based on race, not age.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. While knowing previous knowledge and interest is useful, the priority is to ensure that the client can understand the educational materials.
B. Willingness to participate is important but secondary to ensuring that the material is accessible to the client.
C. Determining the client's ability to read and understand English is crucial as it affects their ability to comprehend pamphlets. If they cannot read or understand English, alternative methods of education should be used.
D. Readiness to learn is important but presupposes that the material can be understood; therefore, assessing language comprehension is a priority.