A nurse is conducting an educational session on infection control and is explaining the epidemiological triad, which includes the host, agent, and environment. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an effective intervention targeting the "environment" component to prevent the spread of infection?
Improving ventilation and increasing the frequency of cleaning in a hospital ward to reduce pathogen exposure.
Administering a vaccination to a patient to enhance their immunity against a specific pathogen.
Providing a patient with antimicrobial medication to treat an existing infection.
Educating a patient on proper hand hygiene to reduce the likelihood of infection transmission.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Improving ventilation and increasing cleaning frequency addresses the environment component by altering the physical setting to reduce pathogen exposure and control infection spread.
B. Administering a vaccination targets the host component by enhancing immunity to prevent infection.
C. Providing antimicrobial medication addresses the agent component by treating an existing infection.
D. Educating on hand hygiene is an important intervention but primarily affects the host-agent interaction rather than the environment.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Increasing outreach efforts without understanding specific needs may lead to ineffective or misaligned interventions.
B. Conducting a comprehensive community assessment allows the nurse to identify and prioritize key health issues and resource gaps, leading to more targeted and effective interventions based on actual community needs.
C. Immediate emergency care addresses urgent issues but does not address the broader, long-term needs of the community.
D. Health education programs are beneficial but should be based on a thorough assessment of community needs to ensure they are relevant and effective.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Asking about family reactions may not address the immediate safety needs or emotional support required.
B. Dismissing or questioning the reasons for staying can be judgmental and not supportive.
C. While encouraging safety is important, it is more helpful to collaboratively work on a plan rather than making definitive statements.
D. Discussing a safety plan empowers the client and provides practical steps to ensure their safety, which is crucial for someone in an abusive situation.