A nurse is conducting an educational session on infection control and is explaining the epidemiological triad, which includes the host, agent, and environment. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an effective intervention targeting the "environment" component to prevent the spread of infection?
Improving ventilation and increasing the frequency of cleaning in a hospital ward to reduce pathogen exposure.
Administering a vaccination to a patient to enhance their immunity against a specific pathogen.
Providing a patient with antimicrobial medication to treat an existing infection.
Educating a patient on proper hand hygiene to reduce the likelihood of infection transmission.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Improving ventilation and increasing cleaning frequency addresses the environment component by altering the physical setting to reduce pathogen exposure and control infection spread.
B. Administering a vaccination targets the host component by enhancing immunity to prevent infection.
C. Providing antimicrobial medication addresses the agent component by treating an existing infection.
D. Educating on hand hygiene is an important intervention but primarily affects the host-agent interaction rather than the environment.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. They are a stranger to the victim in most cases is incorrect. Perpetrators of interpersonal violence are often known to the victim.
B. They are often in a psychotic state during the act is not typically the case. Many perpetrators do not exhibit psychosis during violent acts.
C. They are usually under the influence of alcohol or drugs is not universally true; while substance abuse can be a factor, it is not a characteristic that defines all perpetrators.
D. They are most often someone the victim knows is accurate. Many instances of interpersonal violence involve perpetrators who are acquaintances, partners, or family members of the victim.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Identify other resources for providing food service is not the nurse’s primary function during the inspection.
B. Promote the health of clients affected by the previous outbreaks is important but not the primary function during the kitchen inspection.
C. Educate the kitchen workers about safe food preparation is a key function to prevent future outbreaks by ensuring proper food handling practices are followed.
D. Ensure the workers' understanding of various microorganisms is important but less immediate than ensuring safe food preparation practices.