A nurse is conducting an educational session on infection control and is explaining the epidemiological triad, which includes the host, agent, and environment. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an effective intervention targeting the "environment" component to prevent the spread of infection?
Improving ventilation and increasing the frequency of cleaning in a hospital ward to reduce pathogen exposure.
Administering a vaccination to a patient to enhance their immunity against a specific pathogen.
Providing a patient with antimicrobial medication to treat an existing infection.
Educating a patient on proper hand hygiene to reduce the likelihood of infection transmission.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Improving ventilation and increasing cleaning frequency addresses the environment component by altering the physical setting to reduce pathogen exposure and control infection spread.
B. Administering a vaccination targets the host component by enhancing immunity to prevent infection.
C. Providing antimicrobial medication addresses the agent component by treating an existing infection.
D. Educating on hand hygiene is an important intervention but primarily affects the host-agent interaction rather than the environment.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Criminal investigation focuses on legal aspects and potential criminal behavior, not on identifying and solving workplace safety issues.
B. Root cause analysis involves investigating the underlying causes of incidents to prevent future occurrences. This approach is used to understand what happened, why, and how to prevent it.
C. Risk analysis involves assessing potential risks and hazards but may not delve deeply into specific incident causes.
D. Occupational assessment is a broader evaluation of workplace conditions and practices, rather than focusing on specific incidents.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The presence of a gun in the home is associated with a higher risk of severe injury or death in cases of domestic violence.
B. While trying to leave can be risky, it does not directly indicate a higher risk of mortality compared to other factors.
C. Repeated hospitalizations indicate ongoing abuse but are not as directly related to immediate risk of mortality as the presence of a gun.
D. Having a plan could indicate awareness and preparation, which may not directly correlate with immediate risk of mortality.