A nurse is conducting an educational session on infection control and is explaining the epidemiological triad, which includes the host, agent, and environment. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an effective intervention targeting the "environment" component to prevent the spread of infection?
Improving ventilation and increasing the frequency of cleaning in a hospital ward to reduce pathogen exposure.
Administering a vaccination to a patient to enhance their immunity against a specific pathogen.
Providing a patient with antimicrobial medication to treat an existing infection.
Educating a patient on proper hand hygiene to reduce the likelihood of infection transmission.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Improving ventilation and increasing cleaning frequency addresses the environment component by altering the physical setting to reduce pathogen exposure and control infection spread.
B. Administering a vaccination targets the host component by enhancing immunity to prevent infection.
C. Providing antimicrobial medication addresses the agent component by treating an existing infection.
D. Educating on hand hygiene is an important intervention but primarily affects the host-agent interaction rather than the environment.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Avoid responding to hints that abuse has occurred is not appropriate. The nurse should address and assess any signs or suspicions of abuse openly.
B. Separate the family from the child during the interview is appropriate as it allows the nurse to obtain information from the child without potential coercion or influence from the family members.
C. Report the concern for potential abuse to the immediate supervisor is important but should be done after gathering sufficient information. The immediate action should focus on separating and interviewing the child.
D. Obtain information as covertly as possible is not ideal. It is important to obtain accurate information while ensuring the safety and comfort of the child, rather than being covert.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Manners are important but do not specifically maximize the information gleaned during the interview.
B. Acknowledging family strengths is important for support but does not directly maximize the amount of information obtained.
C. Ecomaps and genograms are useful tools for understanding family dynamics but may not be the primary means of maximizing information during an interview.
D. Therapeutic questions and conversation are essential for maximizing information during an interview, as they encourage open communication and exploration of family issues.