A nurse is conducting an educational session on infection control and is explaining the epidemiological triad, which includes the host, agent, and environment. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an effective intervention targeting the "environment" component to prevent the spread of infection?
Improving ventilation and increasing the frequency of cleaning in a hospital ward to reduce pathogen exposure.
Administering a vaccination to a patient to enhance their immunity against a specific pathogen.
Providing a patient with antimicrobial medication to treat an existing infection.
Educating a patient on proper hand hygiene to reduce the likelihood of infection transmission.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Improving ventilation and increasing cleaning frequency addresses the environment component by altering the physical setting to reduce pathogen exposure and control infection spread.
B. Administering a vaccination targets the host component by enhancing immunity to prevent infection.
C. Providing antimicrobial medication addresses the agent component by treating an existing infection.
D. Educating on hand hygiene is an important intervention but primarily affects the host-agent interaction rather than the environment.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Physical hazards involve environmental factors that cause physical harm, such as unsafe structures or hazardous materials, but cholera is not classified under this.
B. Biologic hazards are related to living organisms or their byproducts, such as bacteria or viruses. Cholera, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, is a biological hazard.
C. Chemical hazards involve substances that can cause harm through chemical reactions or toxicity, which does not apply to cholera.
D. Psychosocial hazards relate to mental and social factors impacting health, not applicable to the cholera epidemic.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Discussing fears with anyone is not the most immediate question to ask when assessing for safety; it may be relevant later but does not directly address immediate safety concerns.
B. Fears about the spouse could be a part of the assessment but are more specific than asking about overall safety.
C. Asking if the client feels safe in the home is a direct and straightforward question that addresses immediate safety concerns and can provide crucial information about the presence of abuse.
D. Recommending a safe place may be helpful but should come after establishing the client’s current safety and assessing immediate risks.