A nurse is conducting an educational session on infection control and is explaining the epidemiological triad, which includes the host, agent, and environment. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates an effective intervention targeting the "environment" component to prevent the spread of infection?
Improving ventilation and increasing the frequency of cleaning in a hospital ward to reduce pathogen exposure.
Administering a vaccination to a patient to enhance their immunity against a specific pathogen.
Providing a patient with antimicrobial medication to treat an existing infection.
Educating a patient on proper hand hygiene to reduce the likelihood of infection transmission.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Improving ventilation and increasing cleaning frequency addresses the environment component by altering the physical setting to reduce pathogen exposure and control infection spread.
B. Administering a vaccination targets the host component by enhancing immunity to prevent infection.
C. Providing antimicrobial medication addresses the agent component by treating an existing infection.
D. Educating on hand hygiene is an important intervention but primarily affects the host-agent interaction rather than the environment.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Observing the client's communication with family might provide some insight but does not directly address the cultural influences on the client’s behavior.
B. Understanding the cultural background is crucial as cultural norms and traditions can significantly influence communication behaviors, such as eye contact and engagement.
C. Asking the client directly might be appropriate but does not take into account potential cultural factors that could influence their communication.
D. Misdiagnosing shyness as a communication issue could be a concern, but recognizing cultural influences helps to ensure that the diagnosis is culturally appropriate.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Chemical hazard is correct because chlorine gas is a chemical substance that poses risks of exposure through inhalation or contact.
B. Biologic hazard refers to exposure to biological agents such as bacteria or viruses, which is not relevant in this context.
C. Physical hazard involves physical injuries or environmental conditions like noise or temperature extremes, not applicable here.
D. Ergonomic hazard relates to repetitive strain or poor posture-related injuries, which is not related to chlorine gas exposure.