A nurse is collecting data on a client who has multiple sclerosis. The client reports there are times when the symptoms are active and times when there are no symptoms. Which of the following types of multiple sclerosis does this pattern indicate?
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Clinically isolating syndrome
The Correct Answer is B
A. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis is characterized by a gradual progression of symptoms without relapses, so this does not match the client's pattern.
B. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is defined by episodes of exacerbation (active symptoms) followed by periods of remission (no symptoms), which aligns with the client's description.
C. Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis follows an initial relapsing-remitting course but leads to a more continuous decline in function, so it does not match the pattern described.
D. Clinically isolating syndrome refers to a single episode of neurological symptoms but does not indicate the pattern of relapses and remissions typical of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Monitoring electrolyte levels is important but is not as immediate as ensuring airway patency.
B. Performing passive range of motion is beneficial for mobility but does not address the immediate needs of an unconscious patient.
C. Suctioning saliva from the client's mouth is the highest priority intervention, as maintaining airway clearance is critical to prevent aspiration and ensure adequate ventilation.
D. Recording intake and output is necessary for overall assessment but is not as urgent as managing the airway.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The ascending tracts transmit sensory information to the brain, but they do not process the information; that function is performed in the brain itself.
B. This statement accurately reflects the function of the descending tracts, which carry motor signals from the CNS to the muscles, facilitating voluntary movement.
C. Sensory receptors are located in various tissues throughout the body, including the skin and muscles, but not exclusively in the muscles.
D. Motor neurons are located in the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system, not in the dermal layer of the skin, where sensory receptors reside.