A nurse is collecting data on a client who has multiple sclerosis. The client reports there are times when the symptoms are active and times when there are no symptoms. Which of the following types of multiple sclerosis does this pattern indicate?
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Clinically isolating syndrome
The Correct Answer is B
A. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis is characterized by a gradual progression of symptoms without relapses, so this does not match the client's pattern.
B. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is defined by episodes of exacerbation (active symptoms) followed by periods of remission (no symptoms), which aligns with the client's description.
C. Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis follows an initial relapsing-remitting course but leads to a more continuous decline in function, so it does not match the pattern described.
D. Clinically isolating syndrome refers to a single episode of neurological symptoms but does not indicate the pattern of relapses and remissions typical of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The ascending tract of the spinal cord transmits sensory information to the brain, but it does not process it; processing occurs in the brain itself.
B. This statement accurately describes the function of the descending tracts, which carry motor commands from the central nervous system (CNS) to the muscles, facilitating movement.
C. Sensory receptors are located in various tissues throughout the body, including the skin, not just in the muscles.
D. Motor neurons are not found in the dermal layer; they are located in the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system, where they innervate muscles.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Monitoring electrolyte levels is important but is not as immediate as ensuring airway patency.
B. Performing passive range of motion is beneficial for mobility but does not address the immediate needs of an unconscious patient.
C. Suctioning saliva from the client's mouth is the highest priority intervention, as maintaining airway clearance is critical to prevent aspiration and ensure adequate ventilation.
D. Recording intake and output is necessary for overall assessment but is not as urgent as managing the airway.