A nurse is collecting data on a client who has multiple sclerosis. The client reports there are times when the symptoms are active and times when there are no symptoms. Which of the following types of multiple sclerosis does this pattern indicate?
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
Clinically isolating syndrome
The Correct Answer is B
A. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis is characterized by a gradual progression of symptoms without relapses, so this does not match the client's pattern.
B. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is defined by episodes of exacerbation (active symptoms) followed by periods of remission (no symptoms), which aligns with the client's description.
C. Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis follows an initial relapsing-remitting course but leads to a more continuous decline in function, so it does not match the pattern described.
D. Clinically isolating syndrome refers to a single episode of neurological symptoms but does not indicate the pattern of relapses and remissions typical of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. A sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor for various cardiovascular diseases but is not specifically associated with pericarditis.
B. A recent flu-like illness can increase the risk of viral infections, which are common causes of pericarditis, making it an important risk factor to mention.
C. Thyroid disease can influence cardiovascular health but is not a direct risk factor for developing pericarditis.
D. While a family history may indicate a predisposition to some heart diseases, there is no strong association with pericarditis specifically.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Providing a consistent daily routine helps reduce confusion and anxiety in clients with dementia, aiding in their orientation and functioning.
B. Allowing the client to choose activities can lead to frustration or confusion if they are unable to remember options or make decisions, thus requiring structure.
C. Using an overhead loudspeaker may confuse the client and is not effective for communication; it is often better to provide information in person.
D. Posting a written schedule can be helpful but should be combined with a consistent routine for optimal understanding and orientation. Providing a structured environment is crucial for clients with dementia.