A nurse is collecting data on a client who has mitral valve stenosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Barrel chest
Bradycardia
Clubbing of the fingers
Heart murmur
The Correct Answer is D
A. Barrel chest. A barrel chest is commonly seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rather than mitral valve stenosis.
B. Bradycardia. Bradycardia is not typically associated with mitral valve stenosis, as symptoms often include rapid or irregular heartbeat.
C. Clubbing of the fingers. Clubbing is associated with chronic hypoxia, often due to pulmonary conditions, not specifically with mitral valve stenosis.
D. Heart murmur. Mitral valve stenosis causes turbulent blood flow through the narrowed valve, resulting in a characteristic murmur.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Shortness of breath while lying down. Shortness of breath when lying down, or orthopnea, is common in left-sided heart failure due to fluid backing up into the lungs, causing pulmonary congestion.
B. Jugular venous distention. Jugular venous distention is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure due to systemic venous congestion.
C. Right upper quadrant pain. Right upper quadrant pain is associated with liver congestion due to right-sided heart failure, not left-sided heart failure.
D. Pitting edema of the lower legs. Pitting edema is a symptom of right-sided heart failure, as fluid backs up into the peripheral circulation.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. The ST segment is above the isoelectric line. An elevated ST segment is a hallmark sign of acute myocardial infarction (MI), indicating myocardial injury.
B. The QRS intervals are 0.08 second. A QRS interval of 0.08 seconds is within the normal range and does not indicate myocardial infarction.
C. The QT interval is equal to the R to R interval. QT interval measurements are not diagnostic for acute MI.
D. The PR intervals are 0.15 second. A PR interval of 0.15 seconds is within the normal range and is not indicative of acute MI.