A nurse is collecting data from an 8-month-old infant who has increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?
Insomnia
Positive Babinski reflex
Bulging fontanel
Low-pitched cry
The Correct Answer is C
A. Insomnia: Infants with increased ICP are more likely to be lethargic than to have insomnia.
B. Positive Babinski reflex: A positive Babinski reflex is normal in infants under 2 years and does not indicate ICP.
C. Bulging fontanel: A bulging fontanel is a classic sign of increased ICP due to the accumulation of fluid or swelling inside the skull.
D. Low-pitched cry: Infants with ICP typically have a high-pitched cry, not a low-pitched one.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Whooping cough. Pertussis is commonly called "whooping cough" due to the characteristic "whooping" sound heard during coughing fits.
B. Fifth disease. Fifth disease is caused by parvovirus B19, not Bordetella pertussis, the bacteria causing pertussis.
C. Chickenpox. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus and has no relation to pertussis.
D. Mumps. Mumps is caused by the mumps virus, unrelated to pertussis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Cough: A cough is more commonly associated with respiratory infections, not meningitis.
B. Joint pain: Joint pain is not a primary symptom of meningitis but may occur in other conditions.
C. Fever: Fever is a hallmark symptom of meningitis, reflecting the body’s immune response to infection.
D. Abdominal pain: Abdominal pain is not typically associated with meningitis.