A nurse is collecting data from a client who is receiving epidural anesthesia.Which of the following findings indicates an adverse effect of this method of pain management?
Hypertension.
Tachypnea.
Tachycardia.
Fever.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Hypertension is not a common adverse effect of epidural anesthesia. In fact, epidurals can cause hypotension due to the blockade of sympathetic nerves.
Choice B rationale
Tachypnea is not typically associated with epidural anesthesia. Common side effects include low blood pressure and headache.
Choice C rationale
Tachycardia is not a common adverse effect of epidural anesthesia. More common side effects include low blood pressure and urinary retention.
Choice D rationale
Fever is a known adverse effect of epidural anesthesia. It can occur due to the body’s response to the epidural procedure.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Repositioning the newborn every 2 to 3 hours is essential during phototherapy to ensure that all areas of the skin are exposed to the light. This helps in the effective breakdown of bilirubin and prevents pressure sores.
Choice B rationale
Monitoring the newborn’s blood glucose level every 2 hours is not a standard intervention for phototherapy. While monitoring glucose levels is important in certain conditions, it is not directly related to the management of hyperbilirubinemia.
Choice C rationale
Applying a water-based ointment to the newborn’s skin every 4 to 6 hours is not recommended during phototherapy. Ointments can block the light from reaching the skin, reducing the effectiveness of the treatment.
Choice D rationale
Giving the newborn 30 mL of distilled water after each feeding is not a recommended practice. Hydration is important, but it should be done through breastfeeding or formula feeding, not distilled water.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine used primarily for anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures. It is not recommended for opioid use disorder during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus, including withdrawal symptoms and developmental issues.
Choice B rationale
Methadone is a long-acting opioid agonist used to treat opioid use disorder. It helps reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings without producing the euphoria associated with opioid abuse. Methadone is considered safe for use during pregnancy and can improve maternal and fetal outcomes.
Choice C rationale
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse opioid overdose. While it is crucial to have naloxone readily available for individuals with opioid use disorder to prevent overdose deaths, it is not a primary treatment for opioid use disorder during pregnancy.
Choice D rationale
Buprenorphine is a partial opioid agonist used to treat opioid use disorder. It is considered safe for use during pregnancy and can reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings. However, methadone is often preferred due to its longer history of use and more extensive research on its safety during pregnancy.