A nurse is collecting data from a client who has peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Warm extremities.
Darkened skin color near extremities.
Intermittent claudication.
Edema.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Warm extremities are not typically associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). PAD usually results in reduced blood flow, leading to cooler extremities.
Choice B rationale
Darkened skin color near extremities is more commonly associated with venous insufficiency rather than PAD. PAD typically causes pale or bluish skin due to reduced blood flow.
Choice C rationale
Intermittent claudication, which is pain or cramping in the legs during exercise that subsides with rest, is a hallmark symptom of PAD. It occurs due to reduced blood flow to the muscles during activity.
Choice D rationale
Edema is more commonly associated with venous insufficiency or heart failure rather than PAD. PAD typically causes reduced blood flow, not fluid accumulation.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Regular insulin should be clear. If it appears cloudy, it may be contaminated or expired, and should be discarded. This is a correct instruction for self-administering regular insulin and NPH insulin from the same syringe.
Choice B rationale
When mixing insulins, regular insulin should be drawn up first, followed by NPH insulin. Drawing up NPH insulin first can lead to contamination of the regular insulin with the cloudy NPH insulin.
Choice C rationale
NPH insulin should be gently rolled or inverted to mix, not shaken. Shaking can cause bubbles, which can lead to inaccurate dosing.
Choice D rationale
Air should be injected into the NPH insulin vial first, not the regular insulin vial. This helps prevent contamination and ensures accurate dosing.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Difficulty starting the flow of urine is a common symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This condition involves the enlargement of the prostate gland, which can obstruct the urethra and make it difficult to initiate urination.
Choice B rationale
Painful urination is not typically associated with BPH. It is more commonly linked to urinary tract infections or other conditions such as prostatitis.
Choice C rationale
Urge incontinence is not a primary symptom of BPH. While BPH can cause urinary frequency and urgency, urge incontinence is more often related to overactive bladder syndrome.
Choice D rationale
Critically elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are not a direct symptom of BPH. Elevated PSA levels can be indicative of prostate cancer or other prostate conditions, but not specifically BPH12.