A nurse is collecting data from a client who has peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Warm extremities.
Darkened skin color near extremities.
Intermittent claudication.
Edema.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Warm extremities are not typically associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). PAD usually results in reduced blood flow, leading to cooler extremities.
Choice B rationale
Darkened skin color near extremities is more commonly associated with venous insufficiency rather than PAD. PAD typically causes pale or bluish skin due to reduced blood flow.
Choice C rationale
Intermittent claudication, which is pain or cramping in the legs during exercise that subsides with rest, is a hallmark symptom of PAD. It occurs due to reduced blood flow to the muscles during activity.
Choice D rationale
Edema is more commonly associated with venous insufficiency or heart failure rather than PAD. PAD typically causes reduced blood flow, not fluid accumulation.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Respiratory alkalosis is incorrect. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and low PaCO₂, which is not consistent with the given ABG values. The client’s pH is low (7.22), indicating acidosis, and the PaCO₂ is high (68 mm Hg), indicating a respiratory cause.
Choice B rationale
Respiratory acidosis is correct. Respiratory acidosis occurs when there is an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the blood, leading to a decrease in pH. The given ABG values show a low pH (7.22) and a high PaCO₂ (68 mm Hg), which are indicative of respiratory acidosis. The elevated bicarbonate (28 mEq/L) suggests partial compensation by the kidneys.
Choice C rationale
Metabolic acidosis is incorrect. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and low bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) levels. In this case, the bicarbonate level is elevated (28 mEq/L), which isnot consistent with metabolic acidosis. The primary issue is respiratory, as indicated by the high PaCO₂.
Choice D rationale
Metabolic alkalosis is incorrect. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and high bicarbonate levels. The given ABG values show a low pH (7.22), which indicates acidosis, not alkalosis. Additionally, the primary issue is respiratory, as indicated by the high PaCO₂.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Rifampin does not cause amenorrhea when taken with oral contraceptives. However, it can reduce the effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives, including oral contraceptives, due to its enzyme-inducing properties. This means that women taking rifampin should use an alternative or additional non-hormonal method of contraception to prevent pregnancy.
Choice B rationale
Rifampin can cause discoloration of body fluids, including tears, which can stain contact lenses. This is why it is recommended to wear glasses instead of contact lenses while taking this medication.
Choice C rationale
A yellow tint to the skin is not an expected reaction to rifampin. However, rifampin can cause a harmless red-orange discoloration of body fluids such as urine, sweat, saliva, and tears.
Choice D rationale
Lifelong treatment with rifampin is not necessary. The duration of treatment for active tuberculosis typically ranges from 6 to 9 months, depending on the specific treatment regimen and the patient’s response to therapy.