A nurse is collecting data from a client who has peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
Warm extremities.
Darkened skin color near extremities.
Intermittent claudication.
Edema.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Warm extremities are not typically associated with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). PAD usually results in reduced blood flow, leading to cooler extremities.
Choice B rationale
Darkened skin color near extremities is more commonly associated with venous insufficiency rather than PAD. PAD typically causes pale or bluish skin due to reduced blood flow.
Choice C rationale
Intermittent claudication, which is pain or cramping in the legs during exercise that subsides with rest, is a hallmark symptom of PAD. It occurs due to reduced blood flow to the muscles during activity.
Choice D rationale
Edema is more commonly associated with venous insufficiency or heart failure rather than PAD. PAD typically causes reduced blood flow, not fluid accumulation.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease that causes systemic inflammation.
Choice B rationale
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint is correct. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the cartilage, leading to its breakdown over time.
Choice C rationale
Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to fractures.
Choice D rationale
Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of gout, a type of arthritis caused by the deposition of urate crystals in the joints.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Regular insulin is correct because it is a short-acting insulin that can be used to treat diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). The client’s symptoms of confusion, flushed appearance, and acetone odor on the breath suggest DKA, which requires prompt treatment with insulin to lower blood glucose levels and correct metabolic acidosis. Regular insulin has a rapid onset of action and can be administered intravenously to achieve quick results.
Choice B rationale
NPH insulin is incorrect because it is an intermediate-acting insulin that is not suitable for the immediate treatment of DKA. NPH insulin has a slower onset of action and is typically used for basal insulin coverage rather than for acute management of hyperglycemia. In cases of DKA, rapid-acting or short-acting insulin is preferred to achieve quick glucose control.
Choice C rationale
Glargine insulin is incorrect because it is a long-acting insulin that provides basal insulin coverage over 24 hours. It is not suitable for the immediate treatment of DKA, as it does not have a rapid onset of action. Glargine insulin is typically used for maintaining stable blood glucose levels over a prolonged period rather than for acute management of hyperglycemia.
Choice D rationale
Detemir insulin is incorrect because it is a long-acting insulin similar to glargine. It provides basal insulin coverage and is not suitable for the immediate treatment of DKA. Detemir insulin has a slower onset of action and is used for maintaining stable blood glucose levels rather than for rapid correction of hyperglycemia in acute situations.