A nurse is collecting data from a 10-year-old child during a well-child visit.
Which of the following statements by the child indicates he is meeting the psychosocial development expectations of a school-age child?
"I like to collect rocks.”.
"I really want to do well in school.”.
"I can do simple math problems in my head.”.
"My parents set rules that I need to follow.”. .
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Collecting objects like rocks reflects the interest in categorizing and organizing, which aligns with the industry vs. inferiority stage for school-age children.
Choice B rationale
Wanting to do well in school also fits with the industry vs. inferiority stage, where children gain pride from achieving tasks and being competent.
Choice C rationale
Doing simple math problems in one's head indicates cognitive development but doesn't directly align with the psychosocial development focus.
Choice D rationale
Following rules set by parents is important, but it's more about conforming to authority rather than indicating psychosocial development specific to industry vs. inferiority.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Autonomy is a developmental task of toddlers (1-3 years old), focusing on developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and independence.
Choice B rationale
Initiative is a developmental task of early childhood (3-6 years old), where children begin to assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.
Choice C rationale
Identity is the primary developmental task of adolescents (12-18 years old), focusing on developing a personal sense of self and direction in life.
Choice D rationale
Trust is a developmental task of infancy (0-1 year), where children learn to trust their caregivers for care and sustenance.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Headache could indicate various conditions but is not immediately life-threatening post-surgery. It may be due to medication or anesthesia but is not the priority.
Choice B rationale
Altered level of consciousness (LOC) is a critical finding. It may indicate complications such as hemorrhage, fat embolism, or hypoxia, which require urgent assessment and intervention.
Choice C rationale
Muscle spasms can be a common symptom post-surgery due to pain or positioning. While they need management, they do not take precedence over LOC changes.
Choice D rationale
An oral temperature of 37.7°C is slightly elevated but not alarming. It may be due to the body's normal inflammatory response post-surgery.