A nurse is collecting data from a 10-year-old child during a well-child visit.
Which of the following statements by the child indicates he is meeting the psychosocial development expectations of a school-age child?
"I like to collect rocks.”.
"I really want to do well in school.”.
"I can do simple math problems in my head.”.
"My parents set rules that I need to follow.”. .
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Collecting objects like rocks reflects the interest in categorizing and organizing, which aligns with the industry vs. inferiority stage for school-age children.
Choice B rationale
Wanting to do well in school also fits with the industry vs. inferiority stage, where children gain pride from achieving tasks and being competent.
Choice C rationale
Doing simple math problems in one's head indicates cognitive development but doesn't directly align with the psychosocial development focus.
Choice D rationale
Following rules set by parents is important, but it's more about conforming to authority rather than indicating psychosocial development specific to industry vs. inferiority.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Distracting the child by buying a toy can reinforce the tantrum behavior by teaching the child that tantrums result in rewards. This can lead to an increase in tantrum frequency as the child learns to manipulate situations to get new toys or other desired items.
Choice B rationale
Appearing to ignore the child during a tantrum helps to extinguish the behavior over time. By not giving attention to the tantrum, the child learns that this behavior does not achieve their desired outcome. Consistency is key in this approach to ensure the child understands that tantrums are ineffective.
Choice C rationale
Placing the child in time-out for 3 minutes can be effective in some cases, but it may not be the first recommendation. Time-out removes the child from a stimulating environment and gives them time to calm down. However, it may not address the underlying reasons for the tantrum.
Choice D rationale
Calmly telling the child to stop might not be effective during the peak of a tantrum. Toddlers in the midst of a tantrum often cannot process verbal instructions or reasoning, so this approach may not achieve the desired result.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Allowing a child to fall asleep with a parent can create dependence and difficulties with independent sleep. It's better to establish a routine that encourages self-soothing.
Choice B rationale
A dark room can actually make some children more anxious. A nightlight can provide comfort without disrupting sleep.
Choice C rationale
Encouraging a child to sleep with a favorite toy can provide comfort and a sense of security, facilitating a smoother transition to sleep.
Choice D rationale
Allowing TV before bed can overstimulate the child and interfere with sleep patterns. It’s better to establish a calming bedtime routine.