A nurse is collecting data for a client who experienced a myocardial infarction prior to a cardiac arrest. Which of the following laboratory tests will identify early injury to the cardiac muscle?
Creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) test
Troponin T test
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test
Creatine kinase (CK) test
The Correct Answer is B
A. Creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) test: While CK-MB is also a marker of myocardial injury, it is less specific than troponin and can be elevated in other conditions, such as muscle injury.
B. Troponin T test. The Troponin T test is highly specific and sensitive for myocardial injury and is considered the gold standard for diagnosing a myocardial infarction. Troponin levels rise within hours of cardiac muscle injury and remain elevated for days, providing an early and reliable indicator of cardiac muscle damage.
C. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) test. BNP levels are used to assess heart failure and do not indicate acute cardiac muscle injury.
D. Creatine kinase (CK) test. CK measures overall muscle injury, not specific to cardiac muscle.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Enriched cereal in whole milk. Whole milk is high in saturated fats, which the DASH diet aims to limit.
B. Turkey sandwich on whole wheat bread, green beans, and banana. This meal is balanced, low in saturated fats, high in fiber, and aligns well with the DASH diet principles.
C. Pork sausage and baked beans. Pork sausage is high in saturated fats and sodium, which should be limited in the DASH diet.
D. Hamburger, steak fries, and an orange. While the orange is DASH-friendly, the hamburger and fries are high in fats and sodium.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Fatigue. Fatigue can be a common symptom of various health conditions, including heart disease, and is not specific to pacemaker malfunction.
B. Rapid pulse. A rapid pulse or palpitations may signal a malfunction where the pacemaker is pacing too quickly or erratically.
C. Increased urine output. Increased urine output is not related to pacemaker function and does not indicate a malfunction.
D. Sneezing. Sneezing is unrelated to pacemaker malfunction and does not warrant provider notification.