A nurse is checking the reflexes of a newborn.Which of the following actions should the nurse use to elicit the Babinski reflex?
Place the newborn supine and apply pressure to the soles of the feet.
Stroke upward on the lateral aspect of the sole of the newborn’s foot.
Pull the newborn up by the wrist from a supine position.
Touch the corner of the newborn’s mouth.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Placing the newborn supine and applying pressure to the soles of the feet is not the correct method to elicit the Babinski reflex. This action does not stimulate the appropriate nerve pathways involved in the reflex.
Choice B rationale
Stroking upward on the lateral aspect of the sole of the newborn’s foot is the correct method to elicit the Babinski reflex. This action stimulates the plantar reflex, causing the big toe to extend upward and the other toes to fan out.
Choice C rationale
Pulling the newborn up by the wrist from a supine position is used to elicit the traction response, not the Babinski reflex. The traction response involves the newborn flexing their arms and attempting to lift their head.
Choice D rationale
Touching the corner of the newborn’s mouth elicits the rooting reflex, not the Babinski reflex. The rooting reflex causes the newborn to turn their head toward the stimulus and open their mouth.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Warming the newborn’s heel for 5 to 10 minutes before the puncture increases blood flow, making it easier to collect a blood sample.
Choice B rationale
The outer aspect of the heel is the recommended site for puncture to avoid injury to the bone and nerves.
Choice C rationale
Leaving the heel open to the air after the puncture is not recommended as it can increase the risk of infection.
Choice D rationale
Applying an antiseptic after collecting the specimen is not necessary and can interfere with the blood sample.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Tingling in the fingers, also known as carpal tunnel syndrome, is more commonly associated with the later stages of pregnancy when fluid retention is more pronounced. It is not typically a common discomfort during the first trimester.
Choice B rationale
Round ligament pain is more common in the second trimester when the uterus is growing rapidly and the ligaments supporting it stretch. This type of pain usually manifests as sharp, shooting pain in the lower abdomen or groin.
Choice C rationale
Perineal discomfort and pressure are more common in the later stages of pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, as the baby descends into the pelvis and prepares for birth. It is not typically a discomfort experienced during the first trimester.
Choice D rationale
Increased urgency and frequency of urination are common discomforts during the first trimester of pregnancy. This occurs due to hormonal changes and the growing uterus pressing on the bladder, which reduces its capacity.