A nurse is checking the laboratory results of a client who is at risk for diabetes mellitus. Which of the following laboratory results indicates to the nurse that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus?
2-hr blood glucose 132 mg/dL.
HbA1c 5.2%.
Casual blood glucose 178 mg/dL.
Fasting blood glucose 155 mg/dL. .
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A 2-hour blood glucose level of 132 mg/dL is below the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice B rationale
An HbA1c level of 5.2% is within the normal range. Diabetes is diagnosed with an HbA1c of 6.5% or higher.
Choice C rationale
A casual blood glucose level of 178 mg/dL is elevated but not diagnostic of diabetes. Diabetes is diagnosed with a casual blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice D rationale
A fasting blood glucose level of 155 mg/dL is above the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 126 mg/dL or higher. This indicates that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus.
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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Acetone breath is a characteristic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), not hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). In DKA, the body produces ketones, leading to a fruity or acetone-like breath odor. HHS, on the other hand, does not typically involve significant ketone production.
Choice B rationale
Fever can be a manifestation of HHS, often due to an underlying infection or illness that precipitates the hyperglycemic state. Infections are common triggers for HHS, leading to elevated body temperature.
Choice C rationale
Serum glucose levels of 800 mg/dL are indicative of HHS. HHS is characterized by extremely high blood glucose levels, often exceeding 600 mg/dL, without significant ketoacidosis.
Choice D rationale
Serum bicarbonate levels of 15 mEq/L are more indicative of DKA rather than HHS. In HHS, bicarbonate levels are usually within the normal range because there is no significant ketoacidosis.
Choice E rationale
Insidious onset is a hallmark of HHS. The condition develops gradually over days to weeks, unlike DKA, which has a more rapid onset.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Phenazopyridine hydrochloride does not turn the urine purple. This color change is not associated with the medication.
Choice B rationale
Phenazopyridine hydrochloride turns the urine orange. This is a common and expected side effect of the medication and is harmless.
Choice C rationale
Phenazopyridine hydrochloride does not turn the urine blue. This color change is not associated with the medication.
Choice D rationale
Phenazopyridine hydrochloride does not turn the urine green. This color change is not associated with the medication.