A nurse is checking the laboratory results of a client who is at risk for diabetes mellitus. Which of the following laboratory results indicates to the nurse that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus?
2-hr blood glucose 132 mg/dL.
HbA1c 5.2%.
Casual blood glucose 178 mg/dL.
Fasting blood glucose 155 mg/dL. .
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A 2-hour blood glucose level of 132 mg/dL is below the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice B rationale
An HbA1c level of 5.2% is within the normal range. Diabetes is diagnosed with an HbA1c of 6.5% or higher.
Choice C rationale
A casual blood glucose level of 178 mg/dL is elevated but not diagnostic of diabetes. Diabetes is diagnosed with a casual blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice D rationale
A fasting blood glucose level of 155 mg/dL is above the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 126 mg/dL or higher. This indicates that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A high-purine diet can lead to the formation of uric acid stones, which are a type of kidney stone. However, it is not the most common risk factor for urolithiasis. Urolithiasis is more commonly associated with factors such as dehydration, which leads to concentrated urine and promotes stone formation.
Choice B rationale
Female gender is not a significant risk factor for urolithiasis. In fact, men are more likely to develop kidney stones than women. The higher incidence in men is thought to be related to differences in diet, fluid intake, and urinary tract anatomy.
Choice C rationale
Dehydration is a major risk factor for urolithiasis. When the body is dehydrated, urine becomes more concentrated, which increases the likelihood of stone formation. Adequate hydration helps to dilute the urine and reduce the risk of stone formation.
Choice D rationale
Family history is a known risk factor for urolithiasis. Individuals with a family history of kidney stones are more likely to develop them due to genetic predispositions that affect factors such as urine composition and kidney function.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Cheyne-Stokes breathing is characterized by a pattern of periodic breathing with cycles of increasing and decreasing tidal volumes separated by periods of apnea. It is not typically associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but rather with conditions such as heart failure, stroke, or brain injury.
Choice B rationale
Malignant hypertension is a severe form of high blood pressure that can lead to organ damage. It is not a typical finding in diabetic ketoacidosis. DKA is more commonly associated with dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and metabolic acidosis.
Choice C rationale
An acetone odor to the breath is a classic sign of diabetic ketoacidosis. This occurs due to the accumulation of ketones in the blood, which are byproducts of fat metabolism when the body is unable to use glucose for energy.
Choice D rationale
Blood glucose levels below 40 mg/dL indicate hypoglycemia, not diabetic ketoacidosis. DKA is characterized by high blood glucose levels, typically above 250 mg/dL34.