A nurse is checking the laboratory results of a client who is at risk for diabetes mellitus. Which of the following laboratory results indicates to the nurse that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus?
2-hr blood glucose 132 mg/dL.
HbA1c 5.2%.
Casual blood glucose 178 mg/dL.
Fasting blood glucose 155 mg/dL. .
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A 2-hour blood glucose level of 132 mg/dL is below the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice B rationale
An HbA1c level of 5.2% is within the normal range. Diabetes is diagnosed with an HbA1c of 6.5% or higher.
Choice C rationale
A casual blood glucose level of 178 mg/dL is elevated but not diagnostic of diabetes. Diabetes is diagnosed with a casual blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice D rationale
A fasting blood glucose level of 155 mg/dL is above the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 126 mg/dL or higher. This indicates that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Telling the client to expect a decrease in urine output is incorrect because it may indicate dehydration, obstruction, or infection. Clients with urolithiasis should be encouraged to maintain adequate urine output to help flush out stones and prevent new stone formation. Decreased urine output can lead to complications and should be addressed promptly.
Choice B rationale
Providing the client with a high protein diet is incorrect because it may increase uric acid and calcium excretion, which can promote stone formation. Clients with urolithiasis should follow a balanced diet that is low in substances that can contribute to stone formation, such as oxalates, purines, and excessive calcium.
Choice C rationale
Maintaining the client on bed rest is incorrect because it may decrease renal perfusion and increase urinary stasis. Clients with urolithiasis should be encouraged to stay active and mobile to promote better circulation and prevent complications. Bed rest is not typically recommended unless there are specific medical indications for it.
Choice D rationale
Encouraging the client to drink 3 L of fluids per day is correct because it helps to flush out stones, prevent new stone formation, and reduce urinary concentration. Adequate hydration is essential for clients with urolithiasis to maintain proper kidney function and reduce the risk of
complications. Drinking plenty of fluids helps to dilute the urine and promote the passage of stones.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Providing a low protein diet is incorrect. Clients with COPD often require a high-protein diet to maintain muscle mass and support respiratory function. Protein is essential for the repair and maintenance of body tissues, including respiratory muscles. A low-protein diet could lead to muscle wasting and decreased respiratory function.
Choice B rationale
Instructing the client to cough every 4 hours is incorrect. Clients with COPD should be encouraged to perform controlled coughing techniques more frequently to clear secretions and prevent respiratory infections. Coughing every 4 hours may not be sufficient to maintain airway patency and prevent complications.
Choice C rationale
Advising the client to lie down after eating is incorrect. Clients with COPD should avoid lying down immediately after eating to prevent gastroesophageal reflux, which can exacerbate respiratory symptoms. Instead, they should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after meals to aid digestion and reduce the risk of aspiration.
Choice D rationale
Encouraging the client to drink 8 glasses of water a day is correct. Adequate hydration helps to thin mucus secretions, making them easier to expectorate. This can improve airway clearance and reduce the risk of respiratory infections. Additionally, staying hydrated supports overall health and well-being.