A nurse is checking the laboratory results of a client who is at risk for diabetes mellitus. Which of the following laboratory results indicates to the nurse that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus?
2-hr blood glucose 132 mg/dL.
HbA1c 5.2%.
Casual blood glucose 178 mg/dL.
Fasting blood glucose 155 mg/dL. .
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A 2-hour blood glucose level of 132 mg/dL is below the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice B rationale
An HbA1c level of 5.2% is within the normal range. Diabetes is diagnosed with an HbA1c of 6.5% or higher.
Choice C rationale
A casual blood glucose level of 178 mg/dL is elevated but not diagnostic of diabetes. Diabetes is diagnosed with a casual blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice D rationale
A fasting blood glucose level of 155 mg/dL is above the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 126 mg/dL or higher. This indicates that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Serving cooked fruit with meals is an appropriate intervention for a client with a low WBC count after chemotherapy. Cooking fruit helps eliminate potential pathogens, reducing the risk of infection.
Choice B rationale
Reporting temperatures greater than 39.5°C (102.3°F) lasting more than 4 hours is not appropriate. A lower threshold for fever should be used, as even a slight increase in temperature can indicate infection in immunocompromised clients.
Choice C rationale
Placing the client in a room with negative-pressure airflow is not necessary for clients with low WBC counts. This intervention is typically used for clients with airborne infections.
Choice D rationale
Instructing the client to use an incentive spirometer every 4 hours is beneficial for lung health but does not directly address the risk of infection associated with low WBC counts. .
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Drinking more fluid can help dilute the urine but will not prevent it from becoming brown due to the medication.
Choice B rationale
Brown-colored urine is a known harmless side effect of nitrofurantoin. It is due to the medication itself and does not indicate any harm or need for a change in treatment.
Choice C rationale
Changing the medication is not necessary unless there are other signs that the infection is not resolving. Brown-colored urine alone is not an indication of treatment failure.
Choice D rationale
An increase in RBC destruction can cause brown urine, but this is not the case with nitrofurantoin. The brown color is due to the medication and not due to RBC destruction.