A nurse is checking the laboratory results of a client who is at risk for diabetes mellitus. Which of the following laboratory results indicates to the nurse that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus?
2-hr blood glucose 132 mg/dL.
HbA1c 5.2%.
Casual blood glucose 178 mg/dL.
Fasting blood glucose 155 mg/dL. .
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A 2-hour blood glucose level of 132 mg/dL is below the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice B rationale
An HbA1c level of 5.2% is within the normal range. Diabetes is diagnosed with an HbA1c of 6.5% or higher.
Choice C rationale
A casual blood glucose level of 178 mg/dL is elevated but not diagnostic of diabetes. Diabetes is diagnosed with a casual blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice D rationale
A fasting blood glucose level of 155 mg/dL is above the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 126 mg/dL or higher. This indicates that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Maintaining a low carbohydrate diet is not specifically recommended for clients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Instead, the focus is on managing protein, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake to prevent further kidney damage and manage symptoms.
Choice B rationale
Eliminating ingestion of foods high in protein is incorrect. While protein intake should be moderated, it should not be completely eliminated. Clients with CKD are advised to consume a controlled amount of high-quality protein to reduce the burden on the kidneys while ensuring adequate nutrition.
Choice C rationale
Increasing intake of sodium-containing food is incorrect. Clients with CKD should restrict sodium intake to help control blood pressure and prevent fluid retention, which can exacerbate kidney damage.
Choice D rationale
Reducing intake of foods high in potassium is correct. Clients with CKD often have difficulty excreting potassium, leading to hyperkalemia, which can be dangerous. Therefore, it is important to limit foods high in potassium.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, not the overproduction of insulin. Over time, the pancreas may produce less insulin, but the primary issue is the body’s inability to use insulin effectively.
Choice B rationale
Type 2 diabetes involves the body’s inability to process glucose properly due to insulin resistance. This leads to elevated blood glucose levels and various complications if not managed effectively.
Choice C rationale
Hemoglobin binding to sugar is related to the measurement of HbA1c, which reflects average blood glucose levels over time. It is not a cause of type 2 diabetes.
Choice D rationale
The destruction of pancreatic cells is a characteristic of type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune condition. Type 2 diabetes is primarily due to insulin resistance and is not caused by an autoimmune response.