A nurse is checking the laboratory results of a client who is at risk for diabetes mellitus. Which of the following laboratory results indicates to the nurse that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus?
2-hr blood glucose 132 mg/dL.
HbA1c 5.2%.
Casual blood glucose 178 mg/dL.
Fasting blood glucose 155 mg/dL. .
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A 2-hour blood glucose level of 132 mg/dL is below the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice B rationale
An HbA1c level of 5.2% is within the normal range. Diabetes is diagnosed with an HbA1c of 6.5% or higher.
Choice C rationale
A casual blood glucose level of 178 mg/dL is elevated but not diagnostic of diabetes. Diabetes is diagnosed with a casual blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice D rationale
A fasting blood glucose level of 155 mg/dL is above the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 126 mg/dL or higher. This indicates that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Drinking 16 oz of cranberry juice each day is correct. Cranberry juice has been shown to help prevent UTIs by inhibiting the adhesion of bacteria to the urinary tract lining. This can reduce the risk of infection, especially in individuals prone to recurrent UTIs.
Choice B rationale
Using an over-the-counter douche product after intercourse is incorrect. Douching can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina, increasing the risk of infection. It is generally not recommended as a preventive measure for UTIs.
Choice C rationale
Waiting to void until the bladder feels full is incorrect. Delaying urination can lead to the accumulation of bacteria in the bladder, increasing the risk of infection. It is important to urinate regularly and not hold urine for extended periods.
Choice D rationale
Wearing underwear made from nylon is incorrect. Nylon underwear can trap moisture and create a warm, humid environment that promotes bacterial growth. It is better to wear breathable, cotton underwear to reduce the risk of UTIs.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Monitoring blood glucose levels is not specifically required for clients taking pyrazinamide. This medication does not typically affect blood glucose levels.
Choice B rationale
Gallbladder studies are not required for clients taking pyrazinamide. This medication does not typically affect the gallbladder.
Choice C rationale
Liver function tests are required for clients taking pyrazinamide. This medication can cause hepatotoxicity, so regular monitoring of liver function is essential to detect any potential liver damage early.
Choice D rationale
Thyroid function studies are not required for clients taking pyrazinamide. This medication does not typically affect thyroid function.