A nurse is checking the laboratory results of a client who is at risk for diabetes mellitus. Which of the following laboratory results indicates to the nurse that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus?
2-hr blood glucose 132 mg/dL.
HbA1c 5.2%.
Casual blood glucose 178 mg/dL.
Fasting blood glucose 155 mg/dL. .
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A 2-hour blood glucose level of 132 mg/dL is below the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice B rationale
An HbA1c level of 5.2% is within the normal range. Diabetes is diagnosed with an HbA1c of 6.5% or higher.
Choice C rationale
A casual blood glucose level of 178 mg/dL is elevated but not diagnostic of diabetes. Diabetes is diagnosed with a casual blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher.
Choice D rationale
A fasting blood glucose level of 155 mg/dL is above the threshold for diabetes diagnosis, which is 126 mg/dL or higher. This indicates that the client is at risk for diabetes mellitus.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Providing a low protein diet is incorrect. Clients with COPD often require a high-protein diet to maintain muscle mass and support respiratory function. Protein is essential for the repair and maintenance of body tissues, including respiratory muscles. A low-protein diet could lead to muscle wasting and decreased respiratory function.
Choice B rationale
Instructing the client to cough every 4 hours is incorrect. Clients with COPD should be encouraged to perform controlled coughing techniques more frequently to clear secretions and prevent respiratory infections. Coughing every 4 hours may not be sufficient to maintain airway patency and prevent complications.
Choice C rationale
Advising the client to lie down after eating is incorrect. Clients with COPD should avoid lying down immediately after eating to prevent gastroesophageal reflux, which can exacerbate respiratory symptoms. Instead, they should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after meals to aid digestion and reduce the risk of aspiration.
Choice D rationale
Encouraging the client to drink 8 glasses of water a day is correct. Adequate hydration helps to thin mucus secretions, making them easier to expectorate. This can improve airway clearance and reduce the risk of respiratory infections. Additionally, staying hydrated supports overall health and well-being.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Acetone breath is a characteristic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), not hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). In DKA, the body produces ketones, leading to a fruity or acetone-like breath odor. HHS, on the other hand, does not typically involve significant ketone production.
Choice B rationale
Fever can be a manifestation of HHS, often due to an underlying infection or illness that precipitates the hyperglycemic state. Infections are common triggers for HHS, leading to elevated body temperature.
Choice C rationale
Serum glucose levels of 800 mg/dL are indicative of HHS. HHS is characterized by extremely high blood glucose levels, often exceeding 600 mg/dL, without significant ketoacidosis.
Choice D rationale
Serum bicarbonate levels of 15 mEq/L are more indicative of DKA rather than HHS. In HHS, bicarbonate levels are usually within the normal range because there is no significant ketoacidosis.
Choice E rationale
Insidious onset is a hallmark of HHS. The condition develops gradually over days to weeks, unlike DKA, which has a more rapid onset.