A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is at risk for skin breakdown. Which of the following interventions should the nurse use to help maintain the integrity of the client's skin?
Apply cornstarch to keep the skin dry.
Provide the client with a diet high in protein.
Massage bony prominences to promote circulation.
Reposition the client every 3 hr.
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Applying cornstarch can absorb moisture; however, it may not be the most effective method to maintain skin integrity and can cause friction when applying.
B. A diet high in protein is essential for skin health and repair, as it supports tissue regeneration and helps prevent skin breakdown in vulnerable clients.
C. Massaging bony prominences is not recommended, as it may cause further tissue damage or disrupt circulation. Instead, padding and reducing pressure on these areas is more beneficial.
D. Repositioning the client every 3 hours may not be frequent enough for someone at high risk for skin breakdown; generally, repositioning should occur at least every 2 hours to alleviate pressure.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A guaiac test does not check for parasites. Tests for parasites typically involve microscopic examination of the stool or other specialized tests.
B. Steatorrhea refers to fat in the stool, and this is detected through tests that measure fat content in the stool, not a guaiac test.
C. A guaiac test is specifically used to detect occult (hidden) blood in the stool, which can indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, polyps, or colorectal cancer.
D. Bacteria in the stool is detected through stool cultures, not a guaiac test.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Being male is not a significant risk factor for developing pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcers are more related to factors like immobility, nutritional status, and circulation.
B. Immobility is a major risk factor for pressure ulcer development. Clients who are immobile or confined to bed, especially for prolonged periods, are at higher risk due to continuous pressure on certain body areas, leading to skin breakdown.
C. Adequate hydration helps maintain skin integrity and is not a risk factor for pressure ulcers. Dehydration, rather than adequate hydration, can contribute to skin breakdown.
D. Anemia can impact tissue oxygenation, but immobility is a more direct risk factor for pressure ulcer development. Although anemia can slow healing, immobility leads to constant pressure on the skin, causing tissue breakdown and ulceration.