A nurse is caring for an infant who has inadequate motility of part of the intestine resulting in a mechanical obstruction. The nurse should identify this finding as a manifestation of which of the following disorders?
Hirschsprung’s disease.
Encopresis.
Pyloric stenosis.
Enterocolitis.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Hirschsprung’s disease is characterized by inadequate motility of part of the intestine, resulting in a mechanical obstruction. This condition is caused by the absence of ganglion cells in the affected segment of the intestine, leading to a lack of peristalsis and subsequent obstruction.
Choice B rationale
Encopresis is a condition characterized by the repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places, such as clothing or the floor. It is not associated with inadequate motility of the intestine or mechanical obstruction.
Choice C rationale
Pyloric stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the pylorus, which leads to obstruction of the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. It is not associated with inadequate motility of the intestine.
Choice D rationale
Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the intestine and colon. It is not associated with inadequate motility of the intestine or mechanical obstruction.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Treating upper respiratory infections with over-the-counter medication is not recommended for children with sickle cell anemia. These children are at higher risk for infections and complications, and any signs of infection should be promptly evaluated by a healthcare provider.
Choice B rationale
Ensuring a consistent and daily intake of adequate fluids is crucial for preventing dehydration in children with sickle cell anemia. Dehydration can trigger a sickle cell crisis, leading to severe pain and other complications.
Choice C rationale
Avoiding immunizations is incorrect. Children with sickle cell anemia should receive all recommended vaccinations to prevent infections, which can be more severe in these children.
Choice D rationale
Suggesting that the child participate in sports activities without restriction is not advisable. Children with sickle cell anemia should avoid strenuous activities that can lead to dehydration and trigger a sickle cell crisis. .
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Talking to the baby each day at a special time can help build a bond and promote language development. However, it is not the most important factor in promoting the infant’s development of trust. Consistent and responsive caregiving is more crucial in building trust.
Choice B rationale
Having many caregivers caring for the baby can lead to inconsistency in caregiving. According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, infants need consistent and reliable caregiving to develop a sense of trust. Multiple caregivers can create confusion and insecurity for the baby.
Choice C rationale
Stimulating the baby with many toys can promote cognitive and motor development. However, it is not the most important factor in promoting the infant’s development of trust. Consistent and responsive caregiving is more crucial in building trust.
Choice D rationale
Responding to the baby’s needs consistently is the most important factor in promoting the infant’s development of trust. According to Erikson’s theory, infants develop trust when their caregivers are reliable and responsive to their needs. This consistent caregiving helps the baby feel secure and builds a foundation for healthy emotional development. .