A nurse is caring for an infant who has inadequate motility of part of the intestine resulting in a mechanical obstruction. The nurse should identify this finding as a manifestation of which of the following disorders?
Hirschsprung’s disease.
Encopresis.
Pyloric stenosis.
Enterocolitis.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Hirschsprung’s disease is characterized by inadequate motility of part of the intestine, resulting in a mechanical obstruction. This condition is caused by the absence of ganglion cells in the affected segment of the intestine, leading to a lack of peristalsis and subsequent obstruction.
Choice B rationale
Encopresis is a condition characterized by the repeated passage of feces into inappropriate places, such as clothing or the floor. It is not associated with inadequate motility of the intestine or mechanical obstruction.
Choice C rationale
Pyloric stenosis is a condition characterized by the narrowing of the pylorus, which leads to obstruction of the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine. It is not associated with inadequate motility of the intestine.
Choice D rationale
Enterocolitis is an inflammation of the intestine and colon. It is not associated with inadequate motility of the intestine or mechanical obstruction.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Erikson’s stage of initiative versus guilt occurs in preschool-aged children (3-5 years), not toddlers.
Choice B rationale
Imaginary playmates are more common in preschool-aged children and are not a characteristic of toddlerhood.
Choice C rationale
Demonstrations of sexual curiosity are more common in preschool-aged children and are not a characteristic of toddlerhood.
Choice D rationale
Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy are typical in toddlers. This stage, according to Erikson, is autonomy versus shame and doubt, where toddlers strive for independence and self-control.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A storybook about a child who has diabetes can be helpful in educating the child about their condition and normalizing their experience. However, it may not be as effective in addressing the immediate distress caused by an insulin injection. Therapeutic play that directly involves the injection experience can be more beneficial in helping the child cope with their fear and anxiety.
Choice B rationale
A period of play in the playroom can provide a distraction and help the child relax. However, it does not specifically address the child’s distress related to the insulin injection. Therapeutic play that involves role-playing the injection process can be more effective in helping the child understand and cope with the procedure.
Choice C rationale
A video game can serve as a distraction and help the child relax. However, it does not directly address the child’s fear and anxiety related to the insulin injection. Therapeutic play that involves role-playing the injection process can be more effective in helping the child understand and cope with the procedure.
Choice D rationale
Using a needleless syringe and a doll allows the child to engage in therapeutic play that simulates the experience of receiving an insulin injection. This type of play helps the child understand the procedure, reduces fear and anxiety, and provides a sense of control over the situation. It is a direct and effective way to help the child cope with the distress caused by the injection.