A nurse is caring for an infant who has a congenital heart defect. Which of the following defects is associated with increased pulmonary blood flow?
Tricuspid atresia
Patent ductus arteriosus
Coarctation of the aorta
Tetralogy of Fallot
The Correct Answer is B
A. Tricuspid atresia typically leads to decreased pulmonary blood flow due to the absence of normal blood flow to the lungs.
B. Patent ductus arteriosus results in increased pulmonary blood flow because it allows blood to flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, increasing the volume of blood going to the lungs.
C. Coarctation of the aorta can cause decreased blood flow to the lower body, which may not directly relate to increased pulmonary blood flow.
D. Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by decreased pulmonary blood flow due to right ventricular outflow obstruction, making it not associated with increased pulmonary blood flow.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While constipation can be a side effect of iron supplements, taking them between meals is primarily aimed at improving absorption rather than preventing constipation.
B. Taking iron supplements with food does not specifically increase the risk of esophagitis; instead, it is known to interfere with the absorption of iron.
C. Taking ferrous sulfate between meals optimizes its absorption because food, particularly dairy products, caffeine, and some high-fiber foods, can inhibit the absorption of iron.
D. Although iron supplements can cause nausea, it is more effective to take them between meals for better absorption rather than solely to prevent nausea.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Using dessert as a reward for eating vegetables can create a negative association with healthy foods, making them seem like a chore rather than a normal part of the diet.
B. Labeling foods as "good" and "bad" can lead to guilt or shame around eating, which is counterproductive to fostering a healthy relationship with food.
C. Encouraging children to eat all the food on their plate, regardless of hunger cues, can promote overeating and a disconnection from their body's signals.
D. Offering a variety of foods and allowing children to choose from healthy options encourages autonomy, helps them explore new foods, and supports a positive relationship with food.