A nurse is caring for an infant who has a congenital heart defect. Which of the following defects is associated with increased pulmonary blood flow?
Tricuspid atresia
Patent ductus arteriosus
Coarctation of the aorta
Tetralogy of Fallot
The Correct Answer is B
A. Tricuspid atresia typically leads to decreased pulmonary blood flow due to the absence of normal blood flow to the lungs.
B. Patent ductus arteriosus results in increased pulmonary blood flow because it allows blood to flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, increasing the volume of blood going to the lungs.
C. Coarctation of the aorta can cause decreased blood flow to the lower body, which may not directly relate to increased pulmonary blood flow.
D. Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by decreased pulmonary blood flow due to right ventricular outflow obstruction, making it not associated with increased pulmonary blood flow.
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Correct Answer is ["A","E","F"]
Explanation
A. Providing privacy during personal care and procedures is essential for adolescents, as it helps them feel more secure and respected during a vulnerable time.
B. This option is incorrect; discussing changes related to puberty can help the adolescent understand their body and promote healthy coping mechanisms.
C. Treating the adolescent as if they are not competent undermines their autonomy and can negatively impact their self-esteem; adolescents should be involved in their care and decision-making when appropriate.
D. Disregarding confidentiality can lead to a breakdown of trust; it is important to respect the adolescent's privacy while also keeping parents informed within appropriate limits.
E. Showing respect for the client's feelings and concerns helps validate their experiences and fosters a supportive environment during a challenging time.
F. Listening carefully to the client’s thoughts and concerns encourages open communication, allowing the nurse to address any worries and support the adolescent’s emotional needs.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Using a tongue depressor can provoke spasm of the epiglottis and lead to airway obstruction; therefore, this action is contraindicated in a child with epiglottitis.
B. Airborne precautions are not necessary for epiglottitis; droplet precautions are more appropriate due to the risk of transmission.
C. Monitoring oxygen saturation is critical in this situation to assess the child's respiratory status and ensure adequate oxygenation, making it the most appropriate action.
D. Obtaining a throat culture may not be safe or practical in this scenario, as it can provoke further distress and complications; immediate assessment and stabilization are prioritized.