A nurse is caring for an infant who has a congenital heart defect. Which of the following defects is associated with increased pulmonary blood flow?
Tricuspid atresia
Patent ductus arteriosus
Coarctation of the aorta
Tetralogy of Fallot
The Correct Answer is B
A. Tricuspid atresia typically leads to decreased pulmonary blood flow due to the absence of normal blood flow to the lungs.
B. Patent ductus arteriosus results in increased pulmonary blood flow because it allows blood to flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, increasing the volume of blood going to the lungs.
C. Coarctation of the aorta can cause decreased blood flow to the lower body, which may not directly relate to increased pulmonary blood flow.
D. Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by decreased pulmonary blood flow due to right ventricular outflow obstruction, making it not associated with increased pulmonary blood flow.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Visualizing the epiglottis with a tongue depressor is contraindicated in suspected epiglottitis due to the risk of triggering airway obstruction.
B. Transporting the child to radiology for a throat x-ray is not a priority and can delay necessary interventions.
C. Obtaining a throat culture is not appropriate in this situation, as airway compromise can occur quickly, and immediate management is crucial.
D. Placing the child in an upright position helps ease breathing and can alleviate distress, which is vital for a child with suspected epiglottitis.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Taking ferrous sulfate between meals may actually help reduce the risk of constipation, but this is not the primary reason for timing.
B. Taking the medication with food does not typically increase the risk of esophagitis; rather, it can decrease the absorption of iron.
C. Taking ferrous sulfate between meals allows for optimal absorption of iron, as food can interfere with its absorption. This response accurately explains the rationale for the timing of the medication.
D. While it is true that some patients may experience nausea when taking iron supplements with food, the primary reason for taking it between meals is to enhance absorption rather than to prevent nausea.