A nurse is caring for an infant who has a congenital heart defect. Which of the following defects is associated with increased pulmonary blood flow?
Tricuspid atresia
Patent ductus arteriosus
Coarctation of the aorta
Tetralogy of Fallot
The Correct Answer is B
A. Tricuspid atresia typically leads to decreased pulmonary blood flow due to the absence of normal blood flow to the lungs.
B. Patent ductus arteriosus results in increased pulmonary blood flow because it allows blood to flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, increasing the volume of blood going to the lungs.
C. Coarctation of the aorta can cause decreased blood flow to the lower body, which may not directly relate to increased pulmonary blood flow.
D. Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by decreased pulmonary blood flow due to right ventricular outflow obstruction, making it not associated with increased pulmonary blood flow.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Avoiding all oily foods is not necessary, as dietary factors have varying effects on acne; instead, moderation is key.
B. Popping pimples can lead to scarring, infection, and further inflammation, making this an inappropriate recommendation for acne management.
C. Using strong astringents can irritate the skin and worsen acne; gentle skin care is more effective for maintaining healthy skin.
D. Washing the face with a gentle cleanser twice a day helps to remove excess oil and dirt without irritating the skin, which is the most appropriate recommendation for managing acne during puberty.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for long-term management and prevention of asthma symptoms, not for acute relief.
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C. Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that provides rapid bronchodilation and is the first-line medication for relieving acute asthma symptoms.
D. Fluticasone is also an inhaled corticosteroid intended for long-term management, which does not address the immediate needs of an acute asthma attack.