A nurse is caring for an infant who has a congenital heart defect. Which of the following defects is associated with increased pulmonary blood flow?
Tricuspid atresia
Patent ductus arteriosus
Coarctation of the aorta
Tetralogy of Fallot
The Correct Answer is B
A. Tricuspid atresia typically leads to decreased pulmonary blood flow due to the absence of normal blood flow to the lungs.
B. Patent ductus arteriosus results in increased pulmonary blood flow because it allows blood to flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery, increasing the volume of blood going to the lungs.
C. Coarctation of the aorta can cause decreased blood flow to the lower body, which may not directly relate to increased pulmonary blood flow.
D. Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by decreased pulmonary blood flow due to right ventricular outflow obstruction, making it not associated with increased pulmonary blood flow.
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Correct Answer is ["C","D"]
Explanation
A. The child should avoid tub baths or submerging in water for several days post-procedure to reduce the risk of infection and keep the catheter site dry; sponge baths are usually recommended.
B. Keeping the child home for an entire week may be excessive; the duration of home care typically depends on the child's recovery, and many children can return to school sooner if they feel well.
C. Offering clear liquids for the first 24 hours helps ensure the child stays hydrated and allows for easier digestion following anesthesia or sedation.
D. Giving acetaminophen for discomfort is appropriate, as it can help manage any pain or discomfort the child may experience after the procedure, and is usually a recommended practice.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) typically has identifiable P waves; the absence of P waves suggests a different condition.
B. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by an irregular rhythm, inability to identify P waves, and varying intervals. This interpretation aligns with the client's ECG findings.
C. Sinus bradycardia would show identifiable P waves and a regular rhythm with a heart rate less than 60 bpm, which does not match the provided information.
D. First-degree heart block would also show identifiable P waves and regularity in the rhythm with a prolonged PR interval, which is not indicated here.