A nurse is caring for an adolescent. The nurse should expect that the adolescent is working on which of the following developmental tasks according to Erikson's developmental stages?
Learning to use creative energies.
Defining a sense of self.
Building a sense of trust.
Learning to perform tasks independently.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Learning to use creative energies is associated with the initiative vs. guilt stage, typically seen in preschool-aged children. During this stage, children assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.
Choice B rationale
Defining a sense of self pertains to the identity vs. role confusion stage, which occurs in adolescence. This stage focuses on developing a personal identity and a sense of self. Adolescents explore different roles, beliefs, and values to form a unique identity.
Choice C rationale
Building a sense of trust is linked with the trust vs. mistrust stage, experienced in infancy. In this stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers and environment if their needs are consistently met, establishing a foundation for future relationships.
Choice D rationale
Learning to perform tasks independently corresponds to the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, typical of toddlers. In this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Feet size variations are typically not a focus in adolescent development comparisons between genders.
Choice B rationale
Height differences are significant during puberty, with boys often experiencing growth spurts at different times compared to girls.
Choice C rationale
Eyesight differences are not a common developmental comparison between adolescent boys and girls.
Choice D rationale
Speech development differences exist but are not typically a focal point of peer comparison during adolescence.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Push-pull toys help with walking development and coordination, suitable for an 11-month-old who is likely starting to take their first steps.
Choice B rationale
Large-piece puzzles are more appropriate for older toddlers who have developed better fine motor skills and problem-solving abilities.
Choice C rationale
Crib gyms are more suited for younger infants who spend more time lying down and can benefit from reaching and batting at toys.
Choice D rationale
Coloring books with crayons are best for older toddlers who have better control over their hand movements and can safely use small objects like crayons.