A nurse is caring for an adolescent. The nurse should expect that the adolescent is working on which of the following developmental tasks according to Erikson's developmental stages?
Learning to use creative energies.
Defining a sense of self.
Building a sense of trust.
Learning to perform tasks independently.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Learning to use creative energies is associated with the initiative vs. guilt stage, typically seen in preschool-aged children. During this stage, children assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.
Choice B rationale
Defining a sense of self pertains to the identity vs. role confusion stage, which occurs in adolescence. This stage focuses on developing a personal identity and a sense of self. Adolescents explore different roles, beliefs, and values to form a unique identity.
Choice C rationale
Building a sense of trust is linked with the trust vs. mistrust stage, experienced in infancy. In this stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers and environment if their needs are consistently met, establishing a foundation for future relationships.
Choice D rationale
Learning to perform tasks independently corresponds to the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, typical of toddlers. In this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all newborns within 24 hours of birth to provide early protection against the hepatitis B virus.
Choice B rationale
The PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine) is administered as a series of four doses, typically at 2, 4, 6, and 12-15 months of age.
Choice C rationale
The first dose of the DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis) vaccine is typically given at 2 months of age, not during the initial well-baby visit after birth.
Choice D rationale
The MMR (Measles, Mumps, and Rubella) vaccine is recommended at 12-15 months of age and again at 4-6 years, not at 6 months.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Placing the infant safety seat in the middle of the back seat away from the windows is the safest position, protecting the child from potential impact during accidents and from direct
sunlight or objects coming through windows.
Choice B rationale
Following the child's weight and height is crucial for safely transitioning from an infant car seat to a booster seat. This ensures proper restraint and protection as the child grows.
Choice C rationale
Allowing a baby to watch the driver while in the back seat indicates a forward-facing position, which is unsafe for infants. Rear-facing positions provide the best protection for an
infant's head, neck, and spine.
Choice D rationale
Using a previously owned car seat with intact instructions can ensure proper installation and use. However, checking the seat's history and condition is crucial to ensure it meets
current safety standards.