A nurse is caring for an adolescent. The nurse should expect that the adolescent is working on which of the following developmental tasks according to Erikson's developmental stages?
Learning to use creative energies.
Defining a sense of self.
Building a sense of trust.
Learning to perform tasks independently.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Learning to use creative energies is associated with the initiative vs. guilt stage, typically seen in preschool-aged children. During this stage, children assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.
Choice B rationale
Defining a sense of self pertains to the identity vs. role confusion stage, which occurs in adolescence. This stage focuses on developing a personal identity and a sense of self. Adolescents explore different roles, beliefs, and values to form a unique identity.
Choice C rationale
Building a sense of trust is linked with the trust vs. mistrust stage, experienced in infancy. In this stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers and environment if their needs are consistently met, establishing a foundation for future relationships.
Choice D rationale
Learning to perform tasks independently corresponds to the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, typical of toddlers. In this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The infant's birth weight typically doubles by 4-6 months and triples by 1 year of age. If an infant's weight has tripled at 6 months, it may indicate overnutrition or an underlying health condition.
Choice B rationale
Lateral incisors usually appear between 9 to 13 months. At 6 months, the central incisors are more likely to be emerging.
Choice C rationale
The posterior fontanel typically closes by 2 to 3 months of age. Therefore, by 6 months, it is expected to be closed.
Choice D rationale
Infants usually sit without support around 8 months. At 6 months, they may sit with support or briefly without support but not consistently.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A properly fastened harness and securely anchored car seat are essential for infant safety. This statement indicates correct practice and does not require further teaching.
Choice B rationale
Using an infant model car seat that is securely anchored is appropriate for a 6-month-old infant. This statement is correct and does not indicate a need for further teaching.
Choice C rationale
A front-facing car seat is inappropriate for a 6-month-old infant. Infants should ride in a rear-facing car seat until at least the age of 2 or until they reach the highest weight or height allowed by the car seat manufacturer. This statement indicates a need for further teaching.
Choice D rationale
A rear-facing car seat in the back passenger seat is the safest position for a 6-month-old infant. This statement is correct and does not indicate a need for further teaching.