A nurse is caring for an adolescent. The nurse should expect that the adolescent is working on which of the following developmental tasks according to Erikson's developmental stages?
Learning to use creative energies.
Defining a sense of self.
Building a sense of trust.
Learning to perform tasks independently.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Learning to use creative energies is associated with the initiative vs. guilt stage, typically seen in preschool-aged children. During this stage, children assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.
Choice B rationale
Defining a sense of self pertains to the identity vs. role confusion stage, which occurs in adolescence. This stage focuses on developing a personal identity and a sense of self. Adolescents explore different roles, beliefs, and values to form a unique identity.
Choice C rationale
Building a sense of trust is linked with the trust vs. mistrust stage, experienced in infancy. In this stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers and environment if their needs are consistently met, establishing a foundation for future relationships.
Choice D rationale
Learning to perform tasks independently corresponds to the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, typical of toddlers. In this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The infant's birth weight typically doubles by 4-6 months and triples by 1 year of age. If an infant's weight has tripled at 6 months, it may indicate overnutrition or an underlying health condition.
Choice B rationale
Lateral incisors usually appear between 9 to 13 months. At 6 months, the central incisors are more likely to be emerging.
Choice C rationale
The posterior fontanel typically closes by 2 to 3 months of age. Therefore, by 6 months, it is expected to be closed.
Choice D rationale
Infants usually sit without support around 8 months. At 6 months, they may sit with support or briefly without support but not consistently.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
HIPAA is indeed a federal law, which sets national standards for the protection of health information. It applies across all states and helps ensure the privacy and security of patients' medical records and other health information.
Choice B rationale
This statement is incorrect and indicates a need for further instruction. HIPAA requires that protected health information (PHI) is only disclosed to family members with the patient's consent, unless under specific circumstances, such as in emergencies or when the patient is incapacitated.
Choice C rationale
HIPAA establishes regulations to protect health information in all forms, including verbal, electronic, and written. This ensures comprehensive coverage of patient data privacy and security across different mediums.
Choice D rationale
A client's address is considered personally identifiable information (PII) under HIPAA. This type of information must be protected to prevent unauthorized access or disclosure, in order to safeguard the individual's privacy. .