A nurse is caring for an adolescent. The nurse should expect that the adolescent is working on which of the following developmental tasks according to Erikson's developmental stages?
Learning to use creative energies.
Defining a sense of self.
Building a sense of trust.
Learning to perform tasks independently.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Learning to use creative energies is associated with the initiative vs. guilt stage, typically seen in preschool-aged children. During this stage, children assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.
Choice B rationale
Defining a sense of self pertains to the identity vs. role confusion stage, which occurs in adolescence. This stage focuses on developing a personal identity and a sense of self. Adolescents explore different roles, beliefs, and values to form a unique identity.
Choice C rationale
Building a sense of trust is linked with the trust vs. mistrust stage, experienced in infancy. In this stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers and environment if their needs are consistently met, establishing a foundation for future relationships.
Choice D rationale
Learning to perform tasks independently corresponds to the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, typical of toddlers. In this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Asking whether the imaginary person had a name can help determine if the child's imaginative play is typical for their age group. Preschool-aged children often engage in imaginative play, including conversations with imaginary friends, which is a normal part of cognitive and social development.
Choice B rationale
Temper tantrums are more related to behavioral issues rather than imaginative play. While relevant to the child's overall behavior, this question diverts attention from the specific concern about imaginary play.
Choice C rationale
This question could help identify if there are broader behavioral concerns, but it doesn't directly address the mother's specific worry about the imaginary friend. It is less targeted.
Choice D rationale
Understanding how well the child plays with others can provide insights into their social development, but it doesn't directly address the issue of imaginary play. It could be more pertinent as a follow-up question.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Autonomy is a developmental task of toddlers (1-3 years old), focusing on developing a sense of personal control over physical skills and independence.
Choice B rationale
Initiative is a developmental task of early childhood (3-6 years old), where children begin to assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.
Choice C rationale
Identity is the primary developmental task of adolescents (12-18 years old), focusing on developing a personal sense of self and direction in life.
Choice D rationale
Trust is a developmental task of infancy (0-1 year), where children learn to trust their caregivers for care and sustenance.