A nurse is caring for an adolescent. The nurse should expect that the adolescent is working on which of the following developmental tasks according to Erikson's developmental stages?
Learning to use creative energies.
Defining a sense of self.
Building a sense of trust.
Learning to perform tasks independently.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Learning to use creative energies is associated with the initiative vs. guilt stage, typically seen in preschool-aged children. During this stage, children assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.
Choice B rationale
Defining a sense of self pertains to the identity vs. role confusion stage, which occurs in adolescence. This stage focuses on developing a personal identity and a sense of self. Adolescents explore different roles, beliefs, and values to form a unique identity.
Choice C rationale
Building a sense of trust is linked with the trust vs. mistrust stage, experienced in infancy. In this stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers and environment if their needs are consistently met, establishing a foundation for future relationships.
Choice D rationale
Learning to perform tasks independently corresponds to the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, typical of toddlers. In this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Punishing a toddler after a tantrum may reinforce negative behavior as the child may seek attention through tantrums.
Choice B rationale
Telling a toddler that tantrums are unacceptable can be difficult for them to understand and may not prevent the behavior.
Choice C rationale
Offering rewards for stopping tantrums can lead to dependency on rewards and doesn't teach appropriate emotional regulation.
Choice D rationale
Ignoring tantrums helps to avoid reinforcing the behavior, teaching the child that tantrums will not gain attention.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Administering syrup of ipecac to induce vomiting is no longer recommended due to the risk of aspiration and potential harm from the substance ingested.
Choice B rationale
Giving orange juice won't counteract iron poisoning from ferrous sulfate and may actually increase iron absorption, exacerbating the situation.
Choice C rationale
Contacting the poison control center is the most appropriate action as they provide expert guidance on managing iron overdose and other poisoning scenarios.
Choice D rationale
Providing a high-carbohydrate snack is not relevant or effective in treating iron poisoning and can delay appropriate medical intervention.