A nurse is caring for an adolescent. The nurse should expect that the adolescent is working on which of the following developmental tasks according to Erikson's developmental stages?
Learning to use creative energies.
Defining a sense of self.
Building a sense of trust.
Learning to perform tasks independently.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Learning to use creative energies is associated with the initiative vs. guilt stage, typically seen in preschool-aged children. During this stage, children assert control and power over their environment through directing play and other social interactions.
Choice B rationale
Defining a sense of self pertains to the identity vs. role confusion stage, which occurs in adolescence. This stage focuses on developing a personal identity and a sense of self. Adolescents explore different roles, beliefs, and values to form a unique identity.
Choice C rationale
Building a sense of trust is linked with the trust vs. mistrust stage, experienced in infancy. In this stage, infants learn to trust their caregivers and environment if their needs are consistently met, establishing a foundation for future relationships.
Choice D rationale
Learning to perform tasks independently corresponds to the autonomy vs. shame and doubt stage, typical of toddlers. In this stage, children develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence.
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Correct Answer is ["B","C"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Methotrexate is an immunosuppressant and chemotherapeutic agent, not typically used for treating muscle spasms in cerebral palsy. It is primarily used for autoimmune conditions and certain cancers.
Choice B rationale
Baclofen is a muscle relaxant and antispasmodic agent commonly used to treat muscle spasms in patients with cerebral palsy. It works by acting on the central nervous system to reduce spasticity and improve motor function.
Choice C rationale
Diazepam is a benzodiazepine that can also be used to manage muscle spasms. It has a calming effect on the brain and nerves, helping to reduce muscle stiffness and spasms in patients with cerebral palsy.
Choice D rationale
Prednisone is a corticosteroid that is used for its anti-inflammatory properties. While it may be used in various inflammatory conditions, it is not typically prescribed for muscle spasms in cerebral palsy.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The lap belt fitting snugly over the child's abdomen increases the risk of abdominal injury during a crash.
Choice B rationale
The lap belt fitting low across the child's hips distributes force over stronger bony structures, reducing injury risk.
Choice C rationale
Placing a child in the front seat with a shoulder-only automatic belt does not provide proper restraint and increases injury risk.
Choice D rationale
The shoulder strap crossing just below the child's chin indicates improper fit, posing a risk to the neck in a crash.