A nurse is caring for a toddler who is experiencing an acute asthma attack. Which of the following findings indicates improvement?
Improved hydration
Barking cough
Decreased temperature
Decreased stridor
The Correct Answer is D
A. Improved hydration is important but not directly indicative of an asthma attack improvement.
B. A barking cough is often associated with conditions like croup and does not indicate improvement in asthma symptoms.
C. Decreased temperature is not a specific indicator of improvement in asthma and may not correlate with the severity of an asthma attack.
D. Decreased stridor indicates a reduction in airway obstruction and inflammation, signifying an improvement in the child’s respiratory status during an asthma attack.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used for long-term management and prevention of asthma symptoms, not for acute relief.
B. Budesonide is an inhaled corticosteroid used for long-term control of asthma but does not provide immediate relief during an acute attack.
C. Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that provides rapid bronchodilation and is the first-line medication for relieving acute asthma symptoms.
D. Fluticasone is also an inhaled corticosteroid intended for long-term management, which does not address the immediate needs of an acute asthma attack.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause potassium loss; therefore, it is essential for the child to eat potassium-rich foods to prevent hypokalemia.
B. Taking furosemide at bedtime is not advisable due to the increased risk of nocturia and sleep disturbances from frequent urination.
C. Aspirin is not recommended without medical guidance, especially for children, as it can increase the risk of Reye's syndrome.
D. Expecting swelling in the hands and feet contradicts the purpose of furosemide, which is to reduce fluid overload; parents should report any unexpected swelling to the healthcare provider.