A nurse is caring for a school-age child who is taking valproic acid. The nurse should expect the provider to order which of the following diagnostic tests?
ABGs
Serum liver enzyme levels
Chest X-ray
Urine culture and sensitivity
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Arterial blood gases (ABGs) are typically used to assess respiratory function and acid-base balance, which are not primary concerns with valproic acid use.
B. Serum liver enzyme levels are critical to monitor due to the risk of hepatotoxicity associated with valproic acid therapy, making this test essential for safe management.
C. A chest X-ray is generally used to assess respiratory conditions, not relevant for monitoring the effects of valproic acid.
D. Urine culture and sensitivity are used to diagnose urinary tract infections and are not relevant to the monitoring of valproic acid therapy.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Similar to the previous question, a quick inhalation is not recommended; the child should take a slow, deep breath for effective medication delivery.
B. Taking the medication 5 minutes before playing sports is ideal as it allows the medication to work quickly, ensuring better performance and control of asthma symptoms during activity.
C. Cleaning the mouthpiece with warm water every 2 weeks is insufficient; it should be cleaned more frequently, typically after each use, to maintain hygiene.
D. Waiting 10 seconds between inhalations is appropriate, but the focus on the timing before sports is critical for proper management of asthma symptoms.
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Polyuria is not typically associated with immobility; instead, immobility can lead to urinary retention.
B. Contractures of the extremities occur due to prolonged immobility, leading to shortening of muscles and tendons.
C. Diarrhea is not a common complication of immobility; constipation is more frequently seen due to decreased mobility.
D. Crackles in the lungs can develop due to stasis of secretions and respiratory complications related to immobility.
E. Pressure ulcers develop from prolonged pressure on the skin due to immobility, especially over bony prominences.