A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has acute glomerulonephritis with peripheral edema and is producing 35 mL of urine per hour. The nurse should place the client on which of the following diets?
Low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet.
Regular diet, no added salt.
Low-protein, low-potassium diet.
Low-sodium, fluid-restricted diet.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet is not appropriate for a child with acute glomerulonephritis. Carbohydrates and proteins are essential nutrients, and restricting them can lead to malnutrition and other complications.
Choice B rationale
A regular diet with no added salt is not sufficient for managing acute glomerulonephritis with peripheral edema. Sodium restriction is necessary to help reduce fluid retention and edema.
Choice C rationale
A low-protein, low-potassium diet is not the best choice for managing acute glomerulonephritis. While protein and potassium intake may need to be monitored, the primary focus should be on sodium and fluid restriction.
Choice D rationale
A low-sodium, fluid-restricted diet is the correct choice. Sodium restriction helps reduce fluid retention and edema, while fluid restriction helps manage fluid balance and prevent further complications.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Offering clear liquids for the first 24 hours is not necessary after a cardiac catheterization. The child can resume a normal diet as tolerated unless otherwise instructed by the healthcare provider. Clear liquids are typically recommended after procedures involving the gastrointestinal tract to prevent nausea and vomiting, but this is not the case here.
Choice B rationale
Keeping the child home for a week is not required. The child can usually return to normal activities within a day or two, depending on the healthcare provider’s instructions. Prolonged rest is not necessary unless there are complications or specific instructions from the healthcare provider.
Choice C rationale
Acetaminophen is recommended for discomfort because it is effective in managing mild to moderate pain and has a low risk of side effects. It is important to avoid medications that can increase bleeding risk, such as aspirin or ibuprofen, especially after a procedure like cardiac catheterization.
Choice D rationale
Assisting the child to take a tub bath for the first 3 days is not recommended. It is generally advised to avoid submerging the catheter insertion site in water to prevent infection. Sponge baths are usually recommended until the site has healed.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Erikson’s stage of initiative versus guilt occurs in preschool-aged children (3-5 years), not toddlers.
Choice B rationale
Imaginary playmates are more common in preschool-aged children and are not a characteristic of toddlerhood.
Choice C rationale
Demonstrations of sexual curiosity are more common in preschool-aged children and are not a characteristic of toddlerhood.
Choice D rationale
Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy are typical in toddlers. This stage, according to Erikson, is autonomy versus shame and doubt, where toddlers strive for independence and self-control.