A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has acute glomerulonephritis with peripheral edema and is producing 35 mL of urine per hour. The nurse should place the client on which of the following diets?
Low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet.
Regular diet, no added salt.
Low-protein, low-potassium diet.
Low-sodium, fluid-restricted diet.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet is not appropriate for a child with acute glomerulonephritis. Carbohydrates and proteins are essential nutrients, and restricting them can lead to malnutrition and other complications.
Choice B rationale
A regular diet with no added salt is not sufficient for managing acute glomerulonephritis with peripheral edema. Sodium restriction is necessary to help reduce fluid retention and edema.
Choice C rationale
A low-protein, low-potassium diet is not the best choice for managing acute glomerulonephritis. While protein and potassium intake may need to be monitored, the primary focus should be on sodium and fluid restriction.
Choice D rationale
A low-sodium, fluid-restricted diet is the correct choice. Sodium restriction helps reduce fluid retention and edema, while fluid restriction helps manage fluid balance and prevent further complications.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
While some children may pull their ears when they have a cold, it is not a definitive sign of acute nasopharyngitis. Ear pulling can also indicate other issues such as ear infections.
Choice B rationale
Antibiotics are not typically prescribed for acute nasopharyngitis, as it is usually caused by a viral infection. Antibiotics are only used if there is a secondary bacterial infection.
Choice C rationale
Healthy children can have multiple colds per year, especially if they are exposed to other children in settings like daycare or school. It is not uncommon for children to have several colds annually.
Choice D rationale
A cough that accompanies a cold should not be suppressed as it helps clear mucus from the airways. Suppressing the cough can lead to mucus buildup and potential complications.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Measuring head circumference every shift is unnecessary for a 6-year-old child with bacterial meningitis. This intervention is more relevant for infants where head circumference changes can indicate increased intracranial pressure.
Choice B rationale
Implementing seizure precautions is necessary as bacterial meningitis can cause seizures due to increased intracranial pressure and inflammation.
Choice C rationale
Admitting the client to a private room is necessary to prevent the spread of infection, as bacterial meningitis can be highly contagious.
Choice D rationale
Placing the client in a semi-Fowler’s position helps reduce intracranial pressure and promotes comfort.