A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has acute glomerulonephritis with peripheral edema and is producing 35 mL of urine per hour. The nurse should place the client on which of the following diets?
Low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet.
Regular diet, no added salt.
Low-protein, low-potassium diet.
Low-sodium, fluid-restricted diet.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet is not appropriate for a child with acute glomerulonephritis. Carbohydrates and proteins are essential nutrients, and restricting them can lead to malnutrition and other complications.
Choice B rationale
A regular diet with no added salt is not sufficient for managing acute glomerulonephritis with peripheral edema. Sodium restriction is necessary to help reduce fluid retention and edema.
Choice C rationale
A low-protein, low-potassium diet is not the best choice for managing acute glomerulonephritis. While protein and potassium intake may need to be monitored, the primary focus should be on sodium and fluid restriction.
Choice D rationale
A low-sodium, fluid-restricted diet is the correct choice. Sodium restriction helps reduce fluid retention and edema, while fluid restriction helps manage fluid balance and prevent further complications.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Environment plays a significant role in a child’s growth and development, including factors like socioeconomic status, access to education, and living conditions. However, it can be altered to some extent.
Choice B rationale
Genetics is the largest factor impacting growth and development that cannot be altered. Genetic factors determine physical characteristics, susceptibility to certain diseases, and overall growth patterns.
Choice C rationale
Socialization influences a child’s development, including social skills and behavior. While important, it can be influenced and altered through various interventions.
Choice D rationale
Nutrition is crucial for growth and development, affecting physical and cognitive development. However, it can be modified through dietary changes and interventions.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Projectile vomiting is a hallmark symptom of pyloric stenosis. It occurs due to the obstruction at the pylorus, causing forceful expulsion of stomach contents. This symptom typically appears in infants between 3 to 6 weeks of age.
Choice B rationale
A rigid abdomen is not a typical symptom of pyloric stenosis. It may indicate other abdominal issues, such as peritonitis or bowel obstruction.
Choice C rationale
Red currant jelly stools are associated with intussusception, not pyloric stenosis. Intussusception involves the telescoping of one part of the intestine into another, leading to bowel obstruction and characteristic stool appearance.
Choice D rationale
Distended neck veins are not related to pyloric stenosis. This symptom is more commonly associated with cardiac conditions or severe respiratory distress.