A nurse is caring for a school-age child who has acute glomerulonephritis with peripheral edema and is producing 35 mL of urine per hour. The nurse should place the client on which of the following diets?
Low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet.
Regular diet, no added salt.
Low-protein, low-potassium diet.
Low-sodium, fluid-restricted diet.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
A low-carbohydrate, low-protein diet is not appropriate for a child with acute glomerulonephritis. Carbohydrates and proteins are essential nutrients, and restricting them can lead to malnutrition and other complications.
Choice B rationale
A regular diet with no added salt is not sufficient for managing acute glomerulonephritis with peripheral edema. Sodium restriction is necessary to help reduce fluid retention and edema.
Choice C rationale
A low-protein, low-potassium diet is not the best choice for managing acute glomerulonephritis. While protein and potassium intake may need to be monitored, the primary focus should be on sodium and fluid restriction.
Choice D rationale
A low-sodium, fluid-restricted diet is the correct choice. Sodium restriction helps reduce fluid retention and edema, while fluid restriction helps manage fluid balance and prevent further complications.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Distended neck veins are not a typical manifestation of pyloric stenosis. This condition primarily affects the gastrointestinal system, leading to symptoms related to feeding and digestion rather than cardiovascular symptoms like distended neck veins.
Choice B rationale
Red currant jelly stools are associated with intussusception, not pyloric stenosis. Intussusception involves the telescoping of one part of the intestine into another, leading to obstruction and the characteristic stool appearance.
Choice C rationale
Projectile vomiting is a hallmark symptom of pyloric stenosis. This occurs due to the obstruction at the pylorus, which prevents food from passing into the small intestine, leading to forceful expulsion of stomach contents.
Choice D rationale
A ridged abdomen is not a typical symptom of pyloric stenosis. While the abdomen may be distended due to the obstruction, the primary symptom is projectile vomiting.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A sputum culture can help identify respiratory infections but is not definitive for diagnosing cystic fibrosis.
Choice B rationale
Stool fat content analysis can indicate malabsorption issues but is not specific to cystic fibrosis.
Choice C rationale
Pulmonary function tests assess lung function but do not confirm a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
Choice D rationale
The sweat chloride test is the gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis. It measures the concentration of chloride in sweat, which is elevated in individuals with cystic fibrosis due to defective chloride transport in sweat glands.