A nurse is caring for a preschooler who is the hospital for sickle cell disease. Which of the following should the nurse identify as an expected behavior of a preschool-age-child?
Describing manifestations of the illness.
Relating fears to magical thinking
Awareness of body function.
Understanding cause of illness
The Correct Answer is B
A. Describing manifestations of the illness: Preschoolers lack the cognitive ability to describe symptoms in detail.
B. Relating fears to magical thinking: Magical thinking is characteristic of preschoolers, and they may associate illness with punishment or fantastical causes.
C. Awareness of body function: This is more typical of school-age children, not preschoolers.
D. Understanding cause of illness: Preschoolers do not have the cognitive development to understand illness causation fully.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Integumentary: Meningitis affects the central nervous system (CNS), not the skin, though a rash can sometimes appear with meningococcal meningitis.
B. Digestive: Digestive symptoms like nausea and vomiting may occur, but the primary system affected is the CNS.
C. Central Nervous: Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, which are protective coverings of the brain and spinal cord in the CNS.
D. Cardiopulmonary: Cardiopulmonary symptoms are not primary features of meningitis, though severe cases may affect vital systems indirectly.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Detachment is the stage exhibited only in the hospital: Detachment can occur in other settings beyond the hospital. It is the final stage of separation anxiety and may manifest as a child appearing uninterested in caregivers, a coping mechanism to deal with prolonged separation.
B. Physical aggression such as kicking is an example of separation anxiety: Physical aggression, such as kicking or hitting, is a common behavior during separation anxiety, especially in younger children who cannot verbalize their emotions effectively.
C. It results in prolonged issues of adaptability: While separation anxiety may temporarily affect adaptability, most children overcome it as they grow. It does not inherently result in prolonged issues unless associated with other psychological conditions.
D. It is often observed in the school-aged child: Separation anxiety is most commonly observed in infants and toddlers (6 months to 3 years). By school age, children have typically developed coping mechanisms, though they may experience situational anxiety.