A nurse is caring for a patient with acne who has been prescribed tetracycline. The patient states that they drink a glass of milk every morning with breakfast. What is the nurse's best response?
"Milk helps the medication absorb more quickly."
"You should avoid milk and dairy products when taking tetracycline, as they reduce its effectiveness."
"It is safe to take milk with tetracycline, as long as you increase your water intake."
"It is fine to drink milk if taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after."
The Correct Answer is B
A. Milk does not enhance the absorption of tetracycline; rather, it contains calcium, which can bind to the antibiotic and reduce its absorption.
B. Avoiding milk and dairy products while taking tetracycline is essential as they reduce the medication's effectiveness by forming insoluble complexes with the drug.
C. Taking milk with tetracycline is not safe due to the risk of decreased absorption; simply increasing water intake does not negate this interaction.
D. While spacing the intake of milk and tetracycline might seem beneficial, it is best to avoid dairy entirely during the treatment to ensure maximum efficacy of the medication.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Hypocalcemia is correct because esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, can lead to decreased calcium absorption, resulting in low calcium levels, which can cause muscle cramps.
B. Hyperkalemia is incorrect; while potassium levels can be affected by various medications, muscle cramps are not typically associated with high potassium levels.
C. Hypercalcemia is incorrect as it refers to elevated calcium levels, which would not cause muscle cramps and could actually lead to muscle weakness rather than cramping.
D. Hyponatremia is incorrect; low sodium levels may cause other symptoms but are not specifically linked to muscle cramps in the same way as low calcium levels are.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Short-acting insulin does not cover basal needs; that is the role of long-acting insulin.
B. Intermediate-acting insulin does not primarily cover mealtime glucose spikes; it provides a more prolonged effect.
C. Short-acting insulin is used to manage blood glucose during meals, while intermediate-acting insulin helps maintain glucose control between meals and overnight, making this the correct choice.
D. Short-acting and intermediate-acting insulins have different onset and peak times; they do not share the same pharmacokinetic properties.