A nurse is caring for a patient with acne who has been prescribed tetracycline. The patient states that they drink a glass of milk every morning with breakfast. What is the nurse's best response?
"Milk helps the medication absorb more quickly."
"You should avoid milk and dairy products when taking tetracycline, as they reduce its effectiveness."
"It is safe to take milk with tetracycline, as long as you increase your water intake."
"It is fine to drink milk if taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after."
The Correct Answer is B
A. Milk does not enhance the absorption of tetracycline; rather, it contains calcium, which can bind to the antibiotic and reduce its absorption.
B. Avoiding milk and dairy products while taking tetracycline is essential as they reduce the medication's effectiveness by forming insoluble complexes with the drug.
C. Taking milk with tetracycline is not safe due to the risk of decreased absorption; simply increasing water intake does not negate this interaction.
D. While spacing the intake of milk and tetracycline might seem beneficial, it is best to avoid dairy entirely during the treatment to ensure maximum efficacy of the medication.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A reduced plasma albumin level can lead to increased free drug levels in the bloodstream, raising the risk of drug toxicity, particularly for highly protein-bound medications.
B. Decreased therapeutic effects are less likely because the decrease in albumin can lead to higher free drug concentrations, which may actually increase effects rather than decrease them.
C. Altered drug absorption is generally not directly influenced by plasma albumin levels; it relates more to gastrointestinal factors.
D. Increased drug metabolism is not a direct consequence of lower albumin levels; instead, the concern is primarily about increased free drug concentrations and potential toxicity.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Chest pain and pale skin are not typical adverse effects associated with diltiazem use.
B. Shortness of breath and wheezing may occur due to other conditions or medications but are not common adverse effects of diltiazem.
C. Calcium channel blockers like diltiazem can cause peripheral edema due to vasodilation and bradycardia as a result of their action on the heart rate. Monitoring for these effects is essential in patients taking diltiazem.
D. Tachycardia is not an expected adverse effect of diltiazem; in fact, it is used to manage conditions where tachycardia may be present. Anxiety is also not a direct adverse effect of this medication.