A nurse is caring for a patient with acne who has been prescribed tetracycline. The patient states that they drink a glass of milk every morning with breakfast. What is the nurse's best response?
"Milk helps the medication absorb more quickly."
"You should avoid milk and dairy products when taking tetracycline, as they reduce its effectiveness."
"It is safe to take milk with tetracycline, as long as you increase your water intake."
"It is fine to drink milk if taken at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after."
The Correct Answer is B
A. Milk does not enhance the absorption of tetracycline; rather, it contains calcium, which can bind to the antibiotic and reduce its absorption.
B. Avoiding milk and dairy products while taking tetracycline is essential as they reduce the medication's effectiveness by forming insoluble complexes with the drug.
C. Taking milk with tetracycline is not safe due to the risk of decreased absorption; simply increasing water intake does not negate this interaction.
D. While spacing the intake of milk and tetracycline might seem beneficial, it is best to avoid dairy entirely during the treatment to ensure maximum efficacy of the medication.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Giving the drug with food may delay absorption but does not affect the extent of the first-pass effect.
B. Administering the drug in small, frequent doses may help maintain therapeutic levels but will not significantly alter the first-pass effect.
C. Limiting protein intake could reduce drug binding to proteins, but this is not a standard approach for managing first-pass metabolism.
D. Administering the drug intravenously bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and liver, avoiding the first-pass effect, thereby increasing the amount of free drug available to body cells.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Sublingual administration involves placing the tablet under the tongue, not between the cheek and gums.
B. Transdermal refers to medication delivered through the skin via a patch, which is not applicable in this scenario.
C. Buccal administration involves placing the medication between the cheek and gums, allowing it to dissolve and be absorbed through the oral mucosa.
D. Translingual refers to administering a medication via the tongue, which is not the route being used in this case.