A nurse is caring for a newborn whose mother voices concerns about sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The nurse should include which of the following statements in a discussion with the mother?
Placing your child on her back when sleeping will decrease the risk of SIDS.
SIDS is directly correlated with the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines.
SIDS rates have been rising over the last 10 years.
Sleep apnea is the main cause of SIDS.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A rationale
Placing a baby on their back to sleep significantly reduces the risk of SIDS. This position helps keep the airway open and reduces the risk of suffocation.
Choice B rationale
There is no direct correlation between SIDS and the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines. Vaccines are safe and do not increase the risk of SIDS3.
Choice C rationale
SIDS rates have actually decreased over the last 10 years, largely due to public health campaigns promoting safe sleep practices.
Choice D rationale
Sleep apnea is not the main cause of SIDS. The exact cause of SIDS is unknown, but it is believed to be related to defects in the brain that control breathing and arousal from sleep.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Erythema toxicum is a common, benign rash seen in newborns. It appears as red patches with small white or yellow pustules in the center. It is not characterized by small raised pearly white spots on the nose and chin.
Choice B rationale
Milia spots are small raised pearly white spots that commonly appear on the nose, chin, and cheeks of newborns. They are caused by trapped keratin and are harmless, usually resolving on their own within a few weeks.
Choice C rationale
Mongolian spots are flat, blue-gray patches commonly found on the lower back and buttocks of newborns, especially those with darker skin. They are not raised and do not appear on the nose and chin.
Choice D rationale
Epstein’s pearls are small white or yellow cysts found on the gums or roof of the mouth in newborns. They are not found on the nose and chin. .
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Wiping the cord daily with alcohol prep pads is not recommended. Current guidelines suggest keeping the cord clean and dry without the use of alcohol, as it can delay the natural drying and falling off process.
Choice B rationale
Keeping the cord moist is not recommended. The cord should be kept dry to promote natural drying and separation. Moisture can increase the risk of infection.
Choice C rationale
Folding the top of the diaper underneath the cord is recommended to keep the cord exposed to air and prevent irritation from urine or stool. This helps the cord dry out and fall off naturally.
Choice D rationale
Applying petroleum jelly to the cord stump is not recommended. The cord should be kept dry, and the use of ointments or creams can interfere with the natural drying process. .