A nurse is caring for a newborn client. The assessment findings include a high-pitched cry, increased muscle tone, frequent yawning, poor feeding with projectile vomiting, and tachypnea.
What condition does the nurse suspect?
Hyperbilirubinemia.
Neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Respiratory distress syndrome.
Necrotizing enterocolitis.
Necrotizing enterocolitis.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Hyperbilirubinemia presents with jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) and is caused by excess bilirubin in the blood. It doesn't typically involve a high-pitched cry, increased
muscle tone, or projectile vomiting.
Choice B rationale
Neonatal abstinence syndrome occurs in newborns exposed to addictive opiate drugs while in the mother’s womb. Symptoms include high-pitched crying, increased muscle tone,
yawning, poor feeding with vomiting, and tachypnea due to drug withdrawal.
Choice C rationale
Respiratory distress syndrome is primarily characterized by breathing difficulties, including rapid, shallow breathing and a grunting sound. Symptoms do not typically include high-
pitched cry or projectile vomiting.
Choice D rationale
Necrotizing enterocolitis involves severe inflammation and necrosis of the intestines. Symptoms include abdominal distension, vomiting bile, bloody stools, and apnea but not a high-
pitched cry or increased muscle tone.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The fetal heartbeat cannot typically be heard via Doppler as early as 4 weeks of pregnancy. At this stage, the heart is still developing, and it is too soon for external detection with a Doppler device.
Choice B rationale
The fetal heartbeat is generally detectable by an external Doppler device around 10-12 weeks of pregnancy. This is the period when the heartbeat is strong enough to be picked up by the device.
Choice C rationale
Feeling the baby move, known as "quickening," typically occurs around 18-24 weeks of pregnancy, not 6 weeks. This sensation is different from hearing the heartbeat.
Choice D rationale
While the heart begins to form around week 5, it is not detectable by Doppler at 6 weeks. The technology does not have the sensitivity to detect such an early heartbeat externally.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Clapping hands to assess hearing is not a reliable method and could startle the baby for reasons unrelated to hearing ability.
Choice B rationale
While a newborn might respond to visual stimuli, this is not a definitive method to assess hearing.
Choice C rationale
Routine hearing screenings using objective tests are the best way to determine a newborn's hearing ability, providing accurate and early detection of potential hearing issues.
Choice D rationale
This statement is misleading, as some forms of hearing loss can be inherited. It's important to use accurate methods to assess newborn hearing.