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A nurse is caring for a group of clients. The nurse should monitor which of the following clients for manifestations of hypokalemia? (Select all that apply.)

A.

A client taking prednisone.

B.

A client taking torsemide.

C.

A client taking polystyrene sulfonate.

D.

A client taking spironolactone.

E.

A client taking hydrochlorothiazide.

Question Solution

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

Choice A rationale


Prednisone, a corticosteroid, can cause hypokalemia by increasing renal potassium excretion.


Choice B rationale


Torsemide, a loop diuretic, can lead to hypokalemia by promoting potassium loss through urine.


Choice C rationale


Polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat hyperkalemia, but it can cause hypokalemia as it removes potassium from the body.


Choice D rationale


A client taking spironolactone does not require monitoring for hypokalemia because spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic. It helps the body retain potassium, so it is more likely to cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) than hypokalemia.


Choice E rationale


Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, can cause hypokalemia by increasing potassium excretion in the urine.


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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Methimazole does not typically cause constipation. It is used to treat hyperthyroidism by inhibiting the production of thyroid hormones.

Choice B rationale

A sore throat can be a sign of agranulocytosis, a serious side effect of methimazole that involves a dangerously low white blood cell count. Patients are advised to contact their provider if they experience a sore throat.

Choice C rationale

While monitoring weight is important for patients with hyperthyroidism, it is not a specific instruction related to methimazole use.

Choice D rationale

Methimazole should be taken regularly as prescribed, not on an as-needed basis.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Benzonatate is a non-narcotic cough suppressant that works by numbing the throat and lungs, making the cough reflex less active. It can cause drowsiness and dizziness, so patients are advised not to drive or operate heavy machinery while taking this medication.

Choice B rationale

Benzonatate does not help in coughing up mucus. It suppresses the cough reflex, which can be beneficial for dry, irritating coughs but is not suitable for productive coughs where mucus needs to be expelled.

Choice C rationale

There is no need to decrease dietary fiber intake while taking benzonatate. Dietary fiber does not interact with the medication or its effectiveness.

Choice D rationale

Benzonatate capsules should not be chewed or crushed, as this can cause numbness of the mouth and throat, leading to potential choking hazards.

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