A nurse is caring for a group of clients. The nurse should monitor which of the following clients for manifestations of hypokalemia? (Select all that apply.)
A client taking prednisone.
A client taking torsemide.
A client taking polystyrene sulfonate.
A client taking spironolactone.
A client taking hydrochlorothiazide.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
Choice A rationale
Prednisone, a corticosteroid, can cause hypokalemia by increasing renal potassium excretion.
Choice B rationale
Torsemide, a loop diuretic, can lead to hypokalemia by promoting potassium loss through urine.
Choice C rationale
Polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat hyperkalemia, but it can cause hypokalemia as it removes potassium from the body.
Choice D rationale
A client taking spironolactone does not require monitoring for hypokalemia because spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic. It helps the body retain potassium, so it is more likely to cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) than hypokalemia.
Choice E rationale
Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, can cause hypokalemia by increasing potassium excretion in the urine.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Ipratropium inhalers can potentially increase heart rate and blood pressure, but this is not a common side effect. The concern about high blood pressure is valid but not as critical as an allergy to atropine.
Choice B rationale
Using albuterol with ipratropium is common practice for managing bronchospasm. There is no contraindication for using both medications together.
Choice C rationale
An allergy to atropine is significant because ipratropium is chemically related to atropine. This could lead to a severe allergic reaction.
Choice D rationale
There are no known interactions between ipratropium and alcohol. However, it is always best to consult with a healthcare provider regarding alcohol consumption while on medication.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Benzonatate is a non-narcotic cough suppressant that works by numbing the throat and lungs, making the cough reflex less active. It can cause drowsiness and dizziness, so patients are advised not to drive or operate heavy machinery while taking this medication.
Choice B rationale
Benzonatate does not help in coughing up mucus. It suppresses the cough reflex, which can be beneficial for dry, irritating coughs but is not suitable for productive coughs where mucus needs to be expelled.
Choice C rationale
There is no need to decrease dietary fiber intake while taking benzonatate. Dietary fiber does not interact with the medication or its effectiveness.
Choice D rationale
Benzonatate capsules should not be chewed or crushed, as this can cause numbness of the mouth and throat, leading to potential choking hazards.