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A nurse is caring for a group of clients. The nurse should monitor which of the following clients for manifestations of hypokalemia? (Select all that apply.)

A.

A client taking prednisone.

B.

A client taking torsemide.

C.

A client taking polystyrene sulfonate.

D.

A client taking spironolactone.

E.

A client taking hydrochlorothiazide.

Question Solution

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

Choice A rationale


Prednisone, a corticosteroid, can cause hypokalemia by increasing renal potassium excretion.


Choice B rationale


Torsemide, a loop diuretic, can lead to hypokalemia by promoting potassium loss through urine.


Choice C rationale


Polystyrene sulfonate is used to treat hyperkalemia, but it can cause hypokalemia as it removes potassium from the body.


Choice D rationale


A client taking spironolactone does not require monitoring for hypokalemia because spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic. It helps the body retain potassium, so it is more likely to cause hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) than hypokalemia.


Choice E rationale


Hydrochlorothiazide, a thiazide diuretic, can cause hypokalemia by increasing potassium excretion in the urine.


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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

A standing prescription is an order that applies to all patients who meet certain criteria and is not specific to a single administration. It is used for routine treatments and does not apply to a one-time pre-transfusion medication.

Choice B rationale

A stat prescription is an urgent order that requires immediate administration, typically within minutes. It is used for emergency situations and does not apply to a pre-transfusion medication given one hour before the procedure.

Choice C rationale

A single prescription is a one-time order for a specific medication to be given at a specific time. In this case, diphenhydramine 50 mg by mouth once, one hour prior to transfusion, fits the definition of a single prescription.

Choice D rationale

A PRN (pro re nata) prescription is an order for medication to be given as needed based on the patient’s condition. It is not applicable to a scheduled pre-transfusion medication.

Correct Answer is ["A","F"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Thrombocytopenia, a low platelet count, increases the risk of bleeding and hemorrhage when receiving heparin.

Choice B rationale

Neutropenia, a low white blood cell count, does not directly increase the risk of hemorrhage. It is more related to infection risk.

Choice C rationale

Hypokalemia, low potassium levels, does not directly indicate a risk for hemorrhage. It can cause other complications but not specifically bleeding.

Choice D rationale

Fever is not a direct indicator of hemorrhage risk. It may indicate infection or other inflammatory processes.

Choice E rationale

Hyperglycemia, high blood sugar levels, does not indicate a risk for hemorrhage. It is more related to diabetes management.

Choice F rationale

Dark stools can indicate gastrointestinal bleeding, which is a sign of hemorrhage.

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