A nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and hypercalcemia. The nurse should expect to administer which of the following priority treatments? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY.
Administer calcium binders
Administer vitamin D supplements
Administer fluids up to 3000 ml/day
Administer Furosemide (Lasix) per orders
Administer oral phosphates
Correct Answer : A,C,D
A. Calcium binders are used to help decrease the amount of calcium absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, thus lowering calcium levels in the blood.
B. Vitamin D supplements would actually increase calcium levels by enhancing intestinal absorption, so this option is not appropriate in hypercalcemia.
C. Administering fluids helps to dilute serum calcium levels and promote renal excretion of calcium, making it a priority treatment.
D. Furosemide (Lasix) can help promote diuresis, thereby increasing the excretion of calcium through the urine, which is beneficial in managing hypercalcemia.
E. Oral phosphates may be used in some cases to manage hypercalcemia, but they are not a first-line treatment and their administration should be carefully considered in conjunction with other treatments.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Exophthalmos is typically associated with hyperthyroidism (specifically Graves' disease) rather than hypothyroidism.
B. Diaphoresis (excessive sweating) is also more common in hyperthyroid states, not hypothyroidism.
C. Palpitations are indicative of an increased metabolic rate, which is common in hyperthyroidism; therefore, they would not be expected in a client with hypothyroidism.
D. Lethargy is a classic symptom of hypothyroidism due to decreased metabolism, leading to fatigue and reduced energy levels, making it the expected finding.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Hormone replacement is generally used to supplement deficiencies rather than inhibit excess hormone release.
B. Dopamine agonists, such as bromocriptine, are used to inhibit the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary, which is beneficial in treating acromegaly, a condition caused by excess growth hormone.
C. Levothyroxine is a thyroid hormone replacement and is not effective in controlling pituitary hormone release.
D. Corticosteroids do not inhibit growth hormone release and are typically used to manage inflammation rather than for pituitary hormone control.