A nurse is caring for a client with Cushing's syndrome. Which assessment findings would the nurse expect? (Select all that apply.)
Purple striae
Moon face
Bronze pigmentation
Buffalo hump
Poor wound healing
Correct Answer : A,B,D,E
Rationale:
A. Purple striae (stretch marks) are common in Cushing's syndrome due to skin thinning and the redistribution of fat.
B. A "moon face" is a classic sign of Cushing's syndrome, caused by fat deposition in the face.
C. Bronze pigmentation is associated with Addison's disease, not Cushing's syndrome.
D. A "buffalo hump," or fat accumulation on the upper back, is another characteristic feature of Cushing's syndrome.
E. Poor wound healing is expected in Cushing's syndrome due to the effects of prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels, which impair immune function and tissue repair.
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Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Bradycardia is not typically associated with emphysema; tachycardia is more common due to hypoxia.
B. Deep respirations are not a hallmark of emphysema; patients often have shallow, rapid breathing due to decreased lung capacity.
C. A barrel chest is a characteristic sign of emphysema, resulting from hyperinflation of the lungs over time.
D. Clubbing of the fingers can occur due to chronic hypoxia associated with emphysema.
E. Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is a primary symptom of emphysema due to the destruction of alveoli and reduced gas exchange.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Hemoglobin A1C reflects average blood glucose levels over the past 2 to 3 months, not just after meals, so this statement is not fully accurate.
B. A high A1C indicates chronically high blood glucose levels, not low blood sugar levels, so this statement would be misleading.
C. An A1C of 9% indicates that the client's average blood sugar has been high over the past few months, which increases the risk of diabetes-related complications.
D. While a high A1C may suggest variability in blood glucose levels, the more accurate statement is that the average blood glucose is high, which is what the A1C primarily reflects